°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
ӼǼÔÚ²áÄÇÌìËãÆð£¬20ÌìÒÔºó²Å¿ÉÒÔÈëÊн»Òס£Ã¿¸ö֤ȯÉ̶¼Òª±£Ö¤ÊÇ¿É¿¿µÄ£¬Èç¹û¼Ç¼ÔÚ²áµÄÐÅÏ¢±»·¢ÏÖÊÇÐé¼ÙµÄ£¬½»Ò׾ͻáÍ£Ö¹£¬¹ºÂòÕß»áÊÕ»Ø×ʽð¡£
1934ÄêµÄ¡¶Ö¤È¯½»Ò×·¨¡·½øÒ»²½À©´óÁËÁª°îÕþ¸®¶ÔÔÚ¹ú¼Ò½»Ò×ËùÄÚ½øÐеÄ֤ȯ½»Ò×µÄÐÅÏ¢Åû¶µÄÒªÇ󡣡¶Ö¤È¯½»Ò×·¨¡·ÒªÇó֤ȯ·¢Ðй«Ë¾±ØÐë×¢²á£¬²¢¶¨ÆÚÒÔÊéÃæÐÎʽÌṩ±¨¸æ£»»¹ÒªÇó½»Ò×ËùÒ²ÒªµÇ¼ÇÔڲᣬÆä½»Ò×ϵͳÐèÒª¾¹ýÕþ¸®µÄÏêϸ¼ì²é¡£¡¶Ö¤È¯½»Ò×·¨¡·ÈÏΪ¸÷ÖÖ²Ù×ÝÊг¡µÄÐÐΪ¶¼ÊÇ·Ç·¨µÄ£¬¹æ¶¨Á˶ÌÆÚÂòÂôºÍÖ¹ËðµÄ¸÷ÖÖ¹æÔò¡£ÈκÎÓµÓй«Ë¾Ö¤È¯³¬¹ý10£¥µÄ¸öÈ˶¼±»ÒªÇ󱨸æÆä³ÖÓÐ֤ȯµÄ×´¿ö¡£Áª°î´¢±¸Î¯Ô±»á¾ßÓÐÖƶ¨¹ºÂò¹ÉƱËùÐè±£Ö¤½ðÊýÁ¿µÄÐÂȨÁ¦£¬Õâ·¢»ÓÁ˸ܸË×÷ÓᣳýÁËÉÏÊö¹æ¶¨£¬¡¶Ö¤È¯½»Ò×·¨¡·»¹½¨Á¢ÁËÒ»¸öÕƹÜеÄÁ¢·¨µÄ¶ÀÁ¢»ú¹¹£¬¼´Ö¤È¯½»Ò×ίԱ»á£¨Securities¡¡and¡¡Exchange¡¡mission£¬SEC£©£¬Ö¤È¯½»Ò×ίԱ»áÓÉ5¸ö³ÉÔ±µ¥Î»×é³É£¬¾ßÓнϴóµÄ×ÔÓɾö²ßȨ£¬¿ÉÒÔÖƶ¨µ¥Î»Ö®¼äÓйؽ»Ò׻ºÍÐÐΪµÄ¹æÔòºÍ³ÌÐò¡£¶ÔÓÚÇåËãËù£¬ÂÞ˹¸£×ÜͳÈÎÃü½ðÈڻ¼ÒԼɪ·ò¡¤P¡¤¿ÏÄáµÏ£¨Joseph¡¡£©×÷ΪµÚÒ»ÈÎÖ÷ϯ£¬¾¡¹Ü¿ÏÄáµÏ´ÓʹýÔÚÄ¿Ç°¿´À´ÊôÓÚ½ûÖ¹Ö®ÁеĻ¡£
1938Ä֤꣬ȯÂòÂô¿ªÊ¼×ªÏò²»ÊܹÜÖƵÄÊг¡Ê±£¬³ǫ̈ÁË¡¶ÂíÂåÄáÐÞÕý°¸¡·£¨Maloney¡¡Amendment£©£¬¶Ô1934ÄêµÄ·¨ÂÉÓèÒÔÐ޸ģ¬½øÒ»²½¼ÓÇ¿Á˶ÔÄÇЩ²»Í¨¹ý½»Ò×ËùÖ±½Ó½«Ö¤È¯ÊÛ¸ø¹Ë¿ÍµÄȯÉ̺ͽ»Ò×É̵ĿØÖÆ¡£È¯É̺ͽ»Ò×ÉÌ¿ÉÒÔÖ±½ÓÔÚ֤ȯ½»Ò×ίԱ»á×¢²áµÇ¼Ç£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÔÚËûÃǵĽ»Ò×»ú¹¹×¢²áµÇ¼Ç¡£Èç¹ûÊǺóÒ»ÖÖ·½Ê½£¬ÔòÒªÇóÓɽ»Ò×»ú¹¹½«µÇ¼ÇÇé¿ö±¨ËÍ֤ȯ½»Ò×ίԱ»á¡£½á¹û£¬1939ÄêÕÙ¿ªµÄͶ×ÊÒøÐмһáÒé´Ù³ÉÁËÈ«¹ú֤ȯ½»Ò×ÉÌлᣨthe¡¡National¡¡Association¡¡of¡¡Securities¡¡Dealers£¬NASD£©µÄ³ÉÁ¢¡£È«¹ú֤ȯ½»Ò×ÉÌлáÓë֤ȯ½»Ò×ίԱ»á¹²Í¬³Ðµ£¹æ·¶²»Í¨¹ý½»Ò×ËùÖ±½Ó½«Ö¤È¯ÊÛ¸ø¹Ë¿ÍµÄÊг¡ÐÐΪµÄÖ°Ô𣬲¢¹²Í¬Î¬³ÖÊг¡¼ÍÂÉ¡£
1937Ä꣬ÐÂÕþʵʩÕßÖ¸Ôð´óÆóÒµºÍ»ª¶û½Öʹ¾¼Ã»·¾³ÏÝÈ뱯¹Û£¬²¢½¨Á¢ÁËÁÙʱȫ¹ú¾¼Ãµ÷²éίԱ»á£¨Temporary¡¡National¡¡Economic¡¡mittee£¬TNEC£©£¬×¨ÃŶԴ˽øÐе÷²é¡£ÁÙʱȫ¹ú¾¼Ãµ÷²éίԱ»áÌá³öÁ˽ðÈÚ¼¯ÖкͿØÖÆÎÊÌ⣬¾¡¹Ü²¢Ã»ÓÐÖ¤¾Ý±íÃ÷´óÆóÒµºÍ»ª¶û½Ö×è°Á˾¼Ã·¢Õ¹¡£¶ÔͶ×ÊÒøÐмҵĽøÒ»²½´ò»÷²ÉÈ¡µÄ·½·¨ÊÇÍÆÐÐÇ¿ÖÆÐԵĹ«ÖÚÃØÃÜÖб귽ʽ£¨pulsory¡¡public¡¡sealed¡¡bidding£©£¬Ä¿µÄÊÇÏû³ýÖ§¸¶¡°¹ý¶àµÄ¡±±£ÏÕ·ÑÓõÄÎÊÌâ¡£ÕâÒ»·½Ê½µÃµ½Á˹æÄ£½ÏСµÄ½»Ò×ËùµÄÖ§³Ö£¬ËüÃÇÏ£ÍûÄܺÍÕ¼Ö§ÅäµØλµÄ´ó¹«Ë¾Æ½µÈ¾ºÕù¡£1941Ä֤꣬ȯ½»Ò×ίԱ»áÒªÇóËùÓÐ×¢²á¹ýµÄ¹«¹²ÊÂÒµÐÔÖʵĿعɹ«Ë¾¶¼²Î¼Ó¾º±ê¡£ÕâʹµÃÄÇЩ½Ï´óµÄͶ×ÊËù×éÖ¯ÆðÀ´£¬ÐγÉÁ˾º±êÁªºÏÌå¡£20ÊÀ¼Í40Äê´úÄ©ÆÚ£¬ÓйØÇ¿ÖÆÐÔ¾º±ê´øÀ´µÄºÃ´¦µÄºÜ¶à˵·¨ºÜÃ÷ÏÔ¶¼ÊÇ¿äÕÅÖ®ÑÔ¡£
1940Ä֤꣬ȯ½»Ò×ίԱ»áµÄ¹ÜÀí·¶Î§ÑÓÉìÖÁͶ×Ê×Éѯ¹«Ë¾ºÍͶ×ʹ«Ë¾¡£µ±Ö¤È¯½»Ò×ίԱ»áΪע²á¹ýµÄ֤ȯÖƶ¨Ð¹æÔòʱ£¬¡¶Í¶×Ê×Éѯ·¨¡·£¨the¡¡Investment¡¡Advisors¡¡Act£©ÒªÇóרҵÈËÊ¿¶ÔÕâЩ֤ȯÌṩ½¨Òé»ò·ÖÎö£¬¡¶Í¶×ʹ«Ë¾·¨¡·£¨the¡¡Investment¡¡pany¡¡Act£©Õë¶ÔµÄÊÇÒѾÎüÒýÁË´óÅúСͶ×ÊÕßµÄͶ×ÊÐÅÍкͻù½ð£¬Ä¿µÄÊDZ£Ö¤ÕâЩ¹«Ë¾¾ßÓжÀÁ¢µÄ¹ÜÀí²ãºÍ³ä×ãµÄ×ʱ¾£¬ÏÞÖÆÉÌÒµÒøÐкÍͶ×ÊÒøÐеĵØ룬²¢±£Ö¤¹É¶«Äܹ»»ñµÃÐÅÏ¢ºÍ¿ØÖƶʳ¤¡£¡¡¡£¡£¡¡¡¡¡£¡£¡¡
1929Äê¹ÉƱÊг¡µÄ³å»÷£¨7£©
¶Ô´¢ÐîºÍÐÅÓúÏ×÷ÉçµÄеĹÜÖÆ
ÐÂÕþÔÙ´ÎÌáÆðÁË´¢Ðî´û¿îлáµÄÎÊÌ⣬²¢Í¨¹ý1933ÄêµÄ¡¶·¿Ö÷´û¿î·¨¡·£¨the¡¡Home¡¡Owners¡¡Loan¡¡Act£©£¬½øÒ»²½¼ÓÇ¿ÁËÁª°îÕþ¸®¶ÔµÖѺÊг¡µÄ¸ÉÔ¤¡£Áª°îס·¿´û¿îÒøÐÐίԱ»á±»¸³ÓèÌØÐíÒ»ÖÖеÄÖнéÀàÐÍ¡ª¡ªÁª°î»¥Öú´¢Ðî´û¿îлᡪ¡ªµÄȨÁ¦£¬ÓÉ´ËÔÚ´æ´ûÐÐÒµÖн¨Á¢ÁËÁª°î¡ªÖݵÄË«²ã½á¹¹£¬²¢È¡µÃÁËÓëÒøÐжԵȵĵØλ¡£
ΪÁËÖ±½Ó°ïÖú·¿Ö÷£¬1933ÄêµÄ¡¶·¿Ö÷´û¿î·¨¡·ÒªÇó½¨Á¢Ò»¸öÁÙʱÐÔ»ú¹¹£¬¼´·¿Ö÷´û¿î¹«Ë¾£¨the¡¡Home¡¡Owners¡¡Loan¡¡Corporation£¬HOLC£©£¬½ÓÊÜÁª°îס·¿´û¿îÒøÐÐίԱ»áµÄ¹ÜÀí¡£·¿Ö÷´û¿î¹«Ë¾´ÓÒøÐС¢´¢Ðî´û¿îлáÒÔ¼°ÆäËû´û¿îÕßÄÇÀﹺÂòÎÞ·¨ÂÄÐÐÕ®ÎñµÄ·¿ÎݵÖѺ½è¿î£¬È»ºóÔÙÒԽϵ͵ÄÀûÂʺͽϳ¤µÄÆÚÏÞΪÕâЩµÖѺÌṩ×ʽ𡣷¿Ö÷´û¿î¹«Ë¾¹²Îª100¶àÍò¸ö¼ÒÍ¥µÄµÖѺ½è¿îÌṩ×ʽð£¬Õü¾ÈÁËÐí¶à´¦ÓÚɥʧÁ˵ÖѺƷÊê»ØȨµÄÀ§¾³ÖеļÒÍ¥¡£¡¡£Û15£Ý¡¡ÎªÁË°ïÖúδÀ´µÄ·¿ÎÝËùÓÐÕߣ¬¹ú»áÔÚ1934Äêͨ¹ýÁË¡¶È«¹ú·¿ÎÝ·¨¡·£¨the¡¡National¡¡Housing¡¡Act£©£¬Ìṩ·¿ÎݵÖѺ½è¿î±£ÏÕ¡£Îª´¦ÀíÕâÖÖ±£ÏÕÒµÎñ£¬»¹×¨ÃųÉÁ¢ÁËÒ»¸öлú¹¹¡ª¡ªÁª°î·¿ÎݹÜÀí¾Ö£¨the¡¡Federal¡¡Housing¡¡Administration£¬FHA£©¡£¶ÔÓÚÒ»¸öÖ»Ö§¸¶ÁË50£¥µÄ±£ÏÕ·ÑÓõĽè¿îÕ߶øÑÔ£¬Áª°î·¿ÎݹÜÀí¾ÖÌṩµÄ±£Ïճе£ÁËÈ«²¿ÍÏÇ·µÄ±¾½ð£¬ÒÔ·¢Ðв¹³¥ÐÔµÄ20Äêµ½ÆÚծȯµÄÐÎʽʹ´û¿îÕßÃâÊܽè¿îÕßÎ¥Ô¼µÄ·çÏÕ¡£ÎªÁËÌá¸ßס·¿´û¿î×ʽðµÄ¹©¸ø£¬1938Ä꽨Á¢ÁËÁª°î¹ú¼ÒµÖѺлᣨFederal¡¡National¡¡Mortgage¡¡Association£¬FNMA£©£¬Ö÷Òª¹¤×÷ÊÇ´ÓÍⲿ½è¿î£¬²¢½«¿îÏîÓÃÓÚ´Ó´û¿îÕߺͷ¢Ã÷ÕßÄÇÀﹺÂòµÖѺƷ¡£1944Äê³ǫ̈µÄ¡¶ÍËÎé¾üÈËȨÀû·¨¡·£¨the¡¡Servicemen's¡¡Readjustment¡¡Act£©ÊÚȨÃÀ¹úÍËÒÛ¾üÈ˹ÜÀí¾Ö£¨Veterans¡¡Administration£©ÌṩÓÉÔ¤Ëã×ʽðÖ§³ÖµÄµ£±££¬´Ó¶øÌṩÁ˸ü¶àµÄµÖѺ±£ÏÕ¡£ÓÉÓÚµ£ÐÄÁª°î´æ¿î±£ÏÕ¹«Ë¾µÄ½¨Á¢²»ÀûÓÚ´¢Ðî´û¿îлáµÄ·¢Õ¹£¬¡¶È«¹ú·¿ÎÝ·¨¡·Ò²ÒªÇóÔÚÁª°îס·¿´û¿îÒøÐÐίԱ»áÏ´´Á¢Áª°î´¢ÐîÓë´û¿î±£ÏÕ¹«Ë¾£¨the¡¡Federal¡¡Savings¡¡and¡¡Loan¡¡Insurance¡¡Corporation£¬FSLIC£©£¬×¨ÃÅΪס·¿´û¿îÕË»§Ìṩ±£ÏÕ£¬×î¸ß¶î¿É´ïµ½5¡¡000ÃÀÔª¡£ºÍÓÉÁª°î´æ¿î±£ÏÕ¹«Ë¾³Ðµ£±£ÏÕÖ§¸¶µÄÒøÐÐÒ»Ñù£¬Áª°î´¢ÐîÓë´û¿î±£ÏÕ¹«Ë¾µÄ³ÉÔ±Ò²±»ÒªÇóÖ§¸¶±£ÏÕ·Ñ£¬²¢Òª½ÓÊܶ¨ÆÚÉó²é¡£
Áª°îÕþ¸®Í¨¹ýÁËÓйØÌØÐí³ÉÁ¢Áª°îÐÅÓúÏ×÷ÉçµÄÁ¢·¨£¬¿ªÊ¼¶Ô½ðÈÚ²¿ÃÅÒ»¸öеķÖ֧ʵʩ¼à¹Ü¡£³öÓÚ´ÈÉƵÄÄ¿µÄ£¬×¨ÎªÀͶ¯½×²ãÌṩ´û¿îµÄÐÅÓúÏ×÷ÉçÐγÉÁË¡£µ½1930Ä꣬32¸öÖÝͨ¹ýÁËÔÊÐí½¨Á¢ÐÅÓúÏ×÷ÉçµÄ·¨ÂÉ¡£¾¡¹ÜÐÅÓúÏ×÷ÉçµÄÊýÄ¿³¬¹ýÁË1¡¡000¸ö£¬ËüÃÇÖ»ÊǽðÈÚϵͳµÄÒ»¸ö΢²»×ãµÀµÄ×é³É²¿·Ö£¬×ʲú×ܶî½öÓÐ4¡¡500ÍòÃÀÔª¡£Î£»úµÄ·¢ÉúʹÐÅÓúÏ×÷ÉçµÄ³«µ¼ÕßÓлú»áÈ¥»ªÊ¢¶ÙÓÎ˵Áª°î·¨ÂÉ·ÅÈξܾøÖ´ÐÐÐÅÓúÏ×÷Éç¹æ¹ÜÖƶȵĸ÷ÖÝ¡£1934ÄêµÄ¡¶Áª°îÐÅÓúÏ×÷Éç·¨¡·£¨the¡¡Federal¡¡Credit¡¡Union¡¡Act£©ÎªÁª°îÌØÐíÕßÌṩÁ˱ãÀûÌõ¼þ¡£ÐÅÓúÏ×÷Éçͨ¹ýÐÅÓúÏ×÷Éç¹úÃñлᣨthe¡¡Credit¡¡Union¡¡National¡¡Association£©ÁªºÏÆðÀ´£¬³ÉÁ¢ÁËרΪ´û¿îÌṩ˽È˱£ÏյĻù½ð£¬È¡´úÁËÕþ¸®±£ÏÕ¡£´¢Ðî´û¿îлáÒÔ¼°ÒøÐÐÒª¿ªÉèеĻú¹¹±äµÃÔ½À´Ô½À§ÄÑÁË£¬ÕâÓÐÖúÓÚ½âÊÍÐÅÓúÏ×÷ÉçΪʲô»á·±ÈÙ£¬1939ÄêÐÅÓúÏ×÷ÉçµÄÊýÄ¿³¬¹ýÁË10¡¡000¸ö¡£
ÐÂÕþµÄºó¹û
¶ÔÓÚ½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹¶øÑÔ£¬1936¡ª1937ÄêµÄË¥Í˽øÒ»²½Ç¿»¯ÁËÆäÔÚ²»È·¶¨µÄ¾¼Ã»·¾³Ï¶ԸßÁ÷¶¯ÐԺ͸߰²È«ÐÔµÄÆ«ºÃ¡£1935ÄêÄêµ×£¬Áª°îÕþ¸®¿ªÊ¼µ£ÐĹý¶àµÄÒøÐÐ×¼±¸½ð»á´æÔÚͨ»õÅòÕ͵ÄDZÔÚ·çÏÕ¡£Áª°îÕþ¸®Ï£Íû´Ì¼¤½è¿î£¬²ÉÈ¡Á˴󵨵Ä×ö·¨¡£1936Äê8ÔÂÒÔ¼°1937Äê3ÔºÍ5Ô£¬Áª°îÕþ¸®½«×¼±¸½ðÌá¸ßÁËÒ»±¶£¬Í¬Ê±Ìá¸ßÁ˱£Ö¤½ðÂÊ£¬Ï÷¼õÁËÌùÏÖÂÊ¡£ÒøÐеķ´Ó¦ÊÇ´óÁ¿Ï÷¼õ´û¿îÒÔ±£³Ö¹ýÁ¿µÄ´¢±¸½ð£¬Õâ³ÉΪ¾¼Ã¼±¾ç½ôËõµÄ¿ª¶Ë¡£Õâ´Î¾¼ÃË¥Í˳̶ÈÈç´ËÖ®ÉîÒÔÖÁÓÚ1937ÄêµÄʵ¼ÊÈ˾ùÊÕÈë±È1929Ä껹ҪµÍ¡£
¶ÔÁ÷¶¯ÐÔµÄÐèÇó´ÙʹÒøÐмõÉÙ´û¿î£¬²¢Ôö¼Ó¶ÔÏÖ½ðºÍ֤ȯµÄ³ÖÓС£´û¿î³ÉΪÓë֤ȯÊг¡ÓÐÃÜÇÐÁªÏµµÄ»õ±ÒÖÐÐÄÒøÐеÄÒµÎñ¡£»õ±ÒÖÐÐÄÒøÐÐÒ»Ö±ÊÇ»îÆÚ´û¿îÊг¡ÖØÒªµÄ²ÎÓëÕߣ¬ÆäÖ÷ÒªÒµÎñÊǽ«Í¬Òµ´æ¿îºÍÆäËû´æ¿îͶ×ÊÒÔ´û¿îµÄÐÎʽÏòȯÉÌͶ×Ê¡£½ûÖ¹¶Ô»îÆÚ´æ¿îÖ§¸¶ÀûÏ¢´ó´ó½µµÍÁË»õ±ÒÖÐÐÄÒøÐÐÎüÒýͬҵ´æ¿îµÄÄÜÁ¦£¬Ò²½µµÍÁË»îÆÚ´û¿îÊг¡µÄÖØÒªÐÔ¡£Áª°î×ʽðÊг¡Öð½¥ÔÚ»õ±ÒÊг¡ÉÏÕ¼ÁìÁËÖØÒªµØλ¡£
1929Äê¹ÉƱÊг¡µÄ³å»÷£¨8£©
ÓÉÓÚ¡¶¸ñÀ˹˹µÙ¸ß¶û·¨¡·½ûÖ¹ÉÌÒµÒøÐдÓÊÂͶ×ÊÒøÐÐÒµÎñ£¬Óɴ˽ûÖ¹ÉÌÒµÒøÐжÔÆäÆóÒµ¿Í»§Ìṩ³¤ÆÚ×ʽð£¬Òò´Ë£¬ÒøÐпªÊ¼´ÓÊÂÆÚÏ޽ϳ¤µÄ¶¨ÆÚ´û¿î¡£ÉÌÎñ²¿£¨the¡¡Department¡¡of¡¡merce£©ºÍ¸´Ð˽ðÈÚ¹«Ë¾¹ÄÀøÕâÖָı䡣´«Í³ÉÏ£¬¶Ô´û¿îÆÕ±é¿ÉÒÔ½ÓÊܵÄ×ÆÚÏÞÊÇ6¸öÔ¡£ÏÖÔÚ£¬ÉÌÎñ²¿ºÍ¸´Ð˽ðÈÚ¹«Ë¾¶ÔÒøÐй۲ìÈËÊ¿Ö¸³ö£¬²»Äܽö½öÒòΪ´û¿îÆÚÏ޽ϳ¤¾Íºá¼ÓÖ¸Ôð¡£1935ÄêµÄ¡¶ÒøÐз¨¡·ÔÊÐíÁª°î´¢±¸ÒøÐгö½è¾ßÓÐÓÅÁ¼×ʲúµÄ֤ȯ£¬¶ø²»¹Üµ½ÆÚÈյij¤¶Ì¡£ÔÚ´û¿î¶î±»ÏÞÖƵ½×ʱ¾ºÍÊ£Óà×ʽðµÄ10£¥Ê±£¬¼´Ê¹»õ±ÒÖÐÐÄÒøÐÐÒ²¸Ðµ½¶ÔÖØÒª¹«Ë¾·¢·Å´û¿î´æÔڽϴóÄѶȡ£½â¾ö°ì·¨Êǽ¨Á¢ÒøÍÅÁªºÏ´û¿î£¬´ÓÆäËûÒøÐÐÎüÊÕ×ʽð¡£
¸Ä¸ïºóµÄÉÌÒµÒøÐп´ÆðÀ´ºÃÏñ»ñµÃÁ˳ɹ¦£¬Ëü²»ÔÙÊÇÁª°î´¢±¸ÒøÐеijÉÔ±µ¥Î»£¬Í¬Ê±£¬Ò²±»±£»¤ÃâÓÚÊܵ½¡°¹ý¶È¡±¾ºÕù£¬²¢µÃµ½Áª°î´æ¿î±£ÏÕ¹«Ë¾µÄ±£ÏÕ¡£ÔÚÒøÐÐÐݼÙÖƶÈʵʩÒÔºó£¬ÒøÐÐÆƲúµÄÊýĿϽµÁË¡£ÔÚ30Äê´úÒÔºóµÄ¼¸Ä꣬ÒøÐÐÆƲú¼õÉÙÁË£¨¼ûͼ£©¡£Ëðʧ³Ì¶ÈÒ²´ó´óµÍÓÚ´óÏôÌõʱÆÚ£¬²¢ÇÒÄܺÜÈÝÒ׵ر»Áª°î´æ¿î±£ÏÕ¹«Ë¾´¦Àí¡£ÒøÐÐÌåϵ°²È«ÐÔµÄÏÔÖøÌá¸ßÊÇÓдú¼ÛµÄ£¬ÀýÈçÒªÖ§¸¶¸ø´æ¿îÈËÀûÏ¢£¬·þÎñµÄÀàÐͺÍеĻú¹¹¼õÉÙÁË¡£¶Ô×¼ÈëÒÔ¼°ÉèÁ¢·ÖÖ§»ú¹¹µÄÏÞÖÆÏ÷ÈõÁ˾ºÕù£¬µ«ÓÐÖúÓÚÌá¸ßÒøÐÐÒµµÄͶ×ʻر¨ÂÊ¡£
30Äê´úµÄ֤ȯҵ´¦Óڵͳ±Ê±ÆÚ£¬µ±Ê±Ðµķ¢ÐÐÊг¡Êܵ½ÏÞÖÆ¡£ÓÉÓÚ¾ª»ÅµÄͶ×ÊÕßÌÓÀëÊг¡£¬Í¬Ê±ÓÉÓÚ1932Äê³ǫ̈µÄ¡¶Ë°ÊÕ·¨¡·£¨the¡¡Revenue¡¡Act£©Ìá¸ßÁ˶ԹÉƱµÄ¹ý»§·Ñ²¢¶ÔծȯÕ÷Ë°£¬Ö¤È¯½»Ò׵ĹæÄ£¼±¾çήËõ¡£Ç¿Æȹ˿ͽÉÄɳ¬¹ýȯÉÌÒªÇóµÄ±£Ö¤½ðµÄ¹æ¶¨½øÒ»²½ÒÖÖÆÁ˽»Ò×£¬½µµÍÁËÊг¡µÄÁé»îÐÔ¡£Êг¡²ÎÓëÕ߶ÔÒªÇóз¢ÐÐ֤ȯ¹«¿ª±¨¼ÛµÄ¹æ¶¨±§Ô¹ÆĶࡣ֤ȯֱÏúÕßµ£ÐĹÉÊÐÀäÇåʱÆÚÊг¡Ì¬ÊƵı䶯£¬·¢ÐÐÕß²»Ô¸¹«¿ªÅû¶ÐÅÏ¢£¬ÄÇЩÔÚÓмÛ֤ȯÉÏÊеǼDZíÉÏÇ©×ֵĻú¹¹Ôòº¦Å³е£ÃñÊÂÔðÈΡ£ÓÉÓÚÎÞÐë³Ðµ£ÉÏÊöÕâЩ³É±¾£¬¶¨ÆÚ´û¿îºÍÖ±½Ó°üÏú£¨private¡¡placements£©±äµÃÖØÒªÆðÀ´¡£Îª±ÜÃâ֤ȯ½»Ò×ίԱ»áµÄ·±ËöÉó²é£¬¶Ôз¢ÐÐ֤ȯµÄÖ±½Ó°üÏú£¬´Ó1900¡ª1933Äê¼ä²»×ãÊг¡×Ü·¢ÐÐÁ¿µÄ3£¥ÅÊÉýµ½1939ÄêµÄ23£¥¡£
1933ÄêµÄ¡¶Ö¤È¯·¨¡·ºÍ1934ÄêµÄ¡¶Ö¤È¯½»Ò×·¨¡·Ö®ËùÒÔ±»Í¨¹ý£¬ÊÇÒòΪÏàÐÅÐÅÏ¢Åû¶»áΪͶ×ÊÕߺÏÀí·ÖÅäËûÃǵÄ×ÊÔ´Ìṩ±ØÒªµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬²¢ÎªËùÓеÄͶ×ÊÕß´´ÔìÒ»¸ö¾ßÓС°¹«Æ½ÓÎÏ·¹æÔò¡±µÄÊг¡¡£¾¡¹Ü¹æ¶¨ÒªÇó½øÐÐÐÅÏ¢Åû¶£¬µ«ÊÇʵ¼ÊµÄ×´¿ö¼¸ºõûÓиĽøµÄ¼£Ïó¡£ÓëÕû¸öÊг¡Ïà±È£¬ÄÇЩ¹ºÂò²¢³ÖÓÐз¢ÐÐ֤ȯµÄͶ×ÊÕߣ¬Æäƽ¾ùÊÕÒæʵ¼ÊÉÏÓëÐÂÕþʵʩǰºóÒ»Ñù¡£Ö»ÓÐÄÇЩ½ö½öÔÚµØÇøÐÔ½»Ò×Êг¡·¢ÐеIJ»¹»³ÉÊìµÄ֤ȯƷÖÖ£¬ÐÅÏ¢³É±¾¿ÉÄܱȽϸߣ¬ÕâÊÇÐÂÕþʵʩǰ´íÎóµÄ¶¨¼Û²ßÂԵĽá¹û¡£ÊÕÒæÂÊȷʵϽµÁË£¬ÕâÒâζ×Å·çÏÕ½µµÍÁË¡£µ«ÊÇÕâÒ²¿ÉÄÜ·´Ó³³ö·çÏսϸߵÄ֤ȯÏòÖ±½Ó·ÖÏú·½Ê½×ªÒÆÁË¡£
ÐÂÕþÒ²¸Ä±äÁ˼ÒÍ¥µÖѺÊг¡¡£ÓÉÓÚ·Ç»ú¹¹´û¿îÕß²»ÄÜ»ñµÃÁª°îµÖѺ±£ÏÕ£¬Ë½ÈËÓµÓеĵÖѺ´û¿î½µµÍÁË¡£´¢Ðî´û¿îлáµÄµÖѺ´û¿îÕ¼ÁËÕû¸öµÖѺÊг¡µÄ¡¡1/3£¬ÊÇ×îÖØÒªµÄ´û¿îÕߣ¬Æä´Î²ÅÊÇÉÌÒµÒøÐС£´ó¶àÊý´¢Ðî´û¿îлá³ÉΪÁª°îס·¿´û¿îÒøÐÐίԱ»áϵͳµÄ³ÉÔ±£¬µ«ÊÇÖ»ÓÐ30£¥µÄ´¢Ðî´û¿îлá»ñµÃÁª°î´¢ÐîÓë´û¿î±£ÏÕ¹«Ë¾µÄ±£ÏÕ¡£±£ÏÕµÄÎüÒýÁ¦½µµÍÊÇÒòΪ´¢Ðî´û¿îлᱣ³ÖÁËÏÞÖÆ×ʽ𳷳öÒÔ·ÀÖ¹´ó¹æÄ£¼·¶ÒµÄȨÁ¦£¬Í¬Ê±£¬Ò²ÒòΪ´¢Ðî´û¿îлáûÓдÓÒÔÇ°µÄ±£ÏÕ¹ÜÖÆÖп´µ½Èκκô¦¡£ÄÇЩÊܵ½±£ÏÕ»òÕßÓÉÁª°îÕþ¸®ÌØÐíµÄ»ú¹¹±ÈûÓб£ÏյĴ¢Ðî´û¿îлáµÄ·çÏÕÔ¤ÆÚÒªµÍ£¬»òÕßÊÇÒòΪÄÇЩÎȽ¡¹ÜÀíµÄ´¢Ðî´û¿îлá¼ÓÈëÁËÁª°îÌåϵ£¬»òÕßÊÇÒòΪ¹ÜÖÆÆÈʹËüÃǽµµÍÁ˳е£µÄ·çÏÕ¡£µ«ÊǼ¸ÄêºóÕâЩӰÏì¾ÍÏûʧÁË¡£±»±£ÏյĴ¢Ðî´û¿îлá±ÈûÓб£ÏյĴ¢Ðî´û¿îлáÏÔʾÁ˸ü¸ßµÄ·çÏÕÔ¤ÆÚ£¬Õâ±íÃ÷±£ÏյĵÀµÂ·çÏÕ¿ªÊ¼·¢Éú×÷Óá£
Êܵ½Î¥Ô¼ÐÐΪµÄË𺦣¬ÈËÊÙ±£ÏÕ¹«Ë¾µÄµÖѺ´û¿î¼õÉÙÁË£¬´Ó1930ÄêÕ¼×ʲú×ܶîµÄ40£¥Ï½µµ½1940ÄêµÄ19£¥£¬²¢È¡¶ø´úÖ®ÒÔÃÀ¹úÕþ¸®Õ®È¯ÎªµÖѺƷ¡£±£ÏÕ¹«Ë¾ÈÔÈ»ÊÇÆóÒµÈÚ×ʵÄÖØÒªÇþµÀ£¬Æ䳬¹ý1/4µÄ×ʲúͶÏòÁ˹«Ë¾Õ®È¯£¬ÕâЩ¹«Ë¾Õ®È¯±»Ö±½Ó·ÖÏúÕß¹ºÂòµÄ±ÈÖØÒ²ÈÕÒæÉÏÉý¡£
¾¡¹Ü´óÏôÌõǰϦ£¬½ðÈÚ²¿ÃÅÒ²Êܵ½¹ÜÖÆ£¬µ«ÐÂÕþ½øÒ»²½Ç¿»¯ÁËÏÖ´æµÄ¶Ô½ðÈÚÖнéµÄ¹ÜÖÆ¿ò¼Ü£¬²¢Ôö¼ÓÁËеĹÜÖÆÖƶȡ£Áª°î¿ØÖƵķ¶Î§Ò²À©Õ¹µ½Á˽ðÈÚÊг¡¡£´Ó×ÜÌåÉÏ¿´£¬ÐÂÕþ°Ñ½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹½ç¶¨µÃ¸üΪÏÁ°¯£¬¶ÔËüÃǵĶ¨¼Û²ßÂÔºÍ×¼ÈëÊ©ÒÔÏÞÖÆ£¬ÕⶼÒÖÖÆÁ˾ºÕù¡£¶ÔÒøÐкʹ¢Ðî´û¿îлáÒý½øµÄ´æ¿î±£ÏÕÖƶȴٽøÁËÕâЩ»ú¹¹Ìá¸ß·çÏճе£ÄÜÁ¦µÄ»ý¼«ÐÔ¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÓÉÓÚ¾