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tiny opening; fluid was forced from the body of the butterfly into its wings。
This way; it would be ready for flight once it achieved its freedom from the cocoon。
Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our lives。 If we were allowed to go through our lives without any obstacles; it would cripple5 us。
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如何找出时间阅读(1)
路易斯·绍尔斯
如果你是一个中等水平的读者,你可以以每分钟300字的速度读一本中等水平的书。但是,除非你每天这样坚持下去,否则你是无法保持这个水平的。你也不可能以这个速度阅读科学、数学、农业、商业方面的书,或是对你来说主题生疏、不熟悉的书。你绝不会以这种速度阅读诗歌,或是一目十行地阅读小说中的精彩段落;然而,对于多数小说、传记、游记以及有关个人嗜好或你感兴趣的书籍而言,如果你是一个中等水平的读者,以这个速度阅读,在意思的理解上就不会有什么障碍,还可以享受其中的乐趣。
数学统计不是永远都可行的,但也可以考虑一下这些数据:如果一个中等水平的读者以每分钟300字的速度读一本一般的书籍,那么l5分钟可以读4,500字,一个星期便能读3l,500字,一个月可以读126,000字,一年12个月的阅读量可以达到1,512;000字。这就是一个中等水平的读者每天只读15分钟的书在一年内可以达到的阅读量。
书籍的篇幅在60,000字到100,000字之间不等,平均值大约为75,000字。中等阅读水平的人,读一般书籍,每天读15分钟,一年就可以读20本书,真是很多本书啊,是从美国公共图书馆借书的人们的阅读量的三倍,而且这很容易实现。
威廉·奥斯罗爵士是现代最伟大的内科医师之一。他曾在约翰·霍普金斯医学院教书,最后留在了麦吉尔大学。如今,很多赫赫有名的医师都曾是他的学生。几乎所有正在工作的医生们都曾从他的医学教科书中获益。他对医学最突出的贡献之一就是他尚未出版的一本记录人们死亡情形的笔记。
为他写传记的作家和评论者们都认为,他不仅拥有渊博的医学知识和深刻的洞察力,还具有丰富的基础知识,并且他还是一个很有修养的人。他对历代人类的行为和思想感兴趣,而且他明白要了解人类最伟大成就的唯一途径就是阅读先人的著作。然而,奥斯罗面临着与许多人同样的问题,而且难度更大。他是一名内科医生,工作繁忙,还要在医学院教学,同时他又是医学研究专家。除了睡觉、吃饭、上卫生间的几个小时外,他一天24个小时中的其他时间都理所当然地在做上述三种工作。
奥斯罗很早就摸索出了解决这个问题的办法。他会在睡觉前花15分钟来读书。如果就寝时间在晚上11点,他的读书时间就是11点到11点15分。如果研究工作到了2点,他的读书时间就是2点到2点15分。他一旦决定这样做了,就一定会坚持。我们有证据表明,在这样坚持了一段时间后,如果每晚不读上15分钟书,他就很难入睡。
纵观奥斯罗的一生,他读过的书籍真是不胜枚举。每天阅读15分钟,算算看,半个世纪总共能读多少本书。考虑一下,在一个人的一生中,这是多么广泛的兴趣,可能涉及到众多学科。奥斯罗在医学专业之外也有非常广泛的涉猎。因为他习惯了每天阅读15分钟的书籍,所以他的业余特长也可以与专业知识相媲美。在英国文学研究专家中,奥斯罗被公认为是研究17世纪英国散文大师托马斯·布朗爵士的权威人士,而奥斯罗有关托马斯·布朗的藏书也被认为是最好的。有很多事例可以证明奥斯罗在医学研究、医学教学改革以及现代临床方法的使用等方面的杰出贡献。然而,我们这里要谈的重点是什么,他成功地回答了我们每一个工作忙碌的人一定要回答的问题——怎样找到时间读书?
回答是不一定就是就寝前的15分钟。这15分钟可能是一天中的其他时问。在排得最满的时间表中,也可能有超过15分钟的空余时间隐藏在某一个地方。我曾经看到有些人“找时间”的方法很奇怪。txt电子书分享平台
如何找出时间阅读(2)
二战的最后一年,我在服役时发现我所在的中队里有一个一等兵的知识非同寻常的渊博。我在他的201号档案中读到了一段很特别的、有关入伍前后经历的描述:在四年的服役生涯中,有两年的时间他是在海外,在这期间虽然没有什么丰功伟绩,但却一直受到奖励。如果所有推荐信都能递到上面,他不仅获得了军衔,估计早就成了上尉。可是,他还是个一等兵。尽管部队中的提升需要学历、工作效率、忠诚,还有其他一些标准,与此同时机遇也起着非常重要的作用。除了有一次例外,他不是被调动,就是遇到有关组织机构的条文限制;不是规定有了新变动,就是上级填错了表格,要么就是将表格忘在了他右手的第三个抽屉里。总之,在部队中,他一直是个一等兵,可是,他在读书中却获益颇深,在服役期间,他的读书量太令人惊叹了。
我对他的读书方法感到很好奇。有一天,在询问他之前,我发现了问题的部分答案。每天,士兵们都要队列操练一个小时。在这段时间中,至少会有一段很长的休息时间。我第一次去操练场的时候,就惊奇地发现在“稍息”令下达后,在长长的队伍中,有一个人拿出了一本袖珍书,站着看了起来。
在与他的交谈中,我发现他很小就养成了在口袋中放一本袖珍书的习惯,休息时就拿出来看。他发现特别是在等候的时候,有一本书特别有用,它可以让人的心情得到放松。我们每天都要等吃饭、等坐车、等看病、等理发、等电话、等约会、等表演,或是等待其他事情的发生。在这些时间里,他有了属于自己的每天阅读所需的15分钟,甚至更多,一年他能读20本书,一生就是一千本书。
没有什么通用公式。每天,我们都必须发现自己的15分钟。最好是有规律的,这样所有其他的额外时间就会有意外的收获了。找到额外时间读书的机会很多,也会有一些意外感。昨晚,一位朋友不请自到,人手多了,我便不能打桥牌,可是我的手边刚好有一本简装书,尽管没有打成桥牌,可是我依然很愉快。
唯一所需的就是读书的决心。这样无论多忙,你都可以找到这15分钟。而且,手边一定要有一本书。既然这15分钟已经开始,就不要浪费一秒。把书事先准备好,穿衣服的时侯将它放进口袋,床头放一本,浴室放一本,餐桌上也要放一本。
这样你就不会丢失这15分钟了,这意味着你一个星期就能读半本书,一个月就能读两本,一年能读20本,一生能读一千本,或者更多。这可是一个博览群书的简便办法。
忙忙碌碌的现代人,总是苦于没有时间读书。现在好了,这篇文章为你提供了一种好方法——每天只要抽出15分钟的时间,何不一试呢?定会让你受益终生。
How to Find Time to Read
Louis Shores
If you are an average reader you can read all average book at the rate of 300 words a minute。 You cannot maintain that average; however; unless you read regularly every day。 Nor can you attain that speed with hard books in science; mathematics; agriculture1; business; or any subject that is new or unfamiliar to you。 The chances are you will never attempt that speed with poetry or want to race through some passages in fiction over which you wish to linger。 But for most novels; biographies; and books about travel; hobbies or personal interests; if you are an average reader you should have no trouble at all absorbing meaning and pleasure out of 300 printed words every 60 seconds。txt电子书分享平台
如何找出时间阅读(3)
Statistics are not always practicable; but consider these: If the average reader can read 300 words a minute of average reading; then in 15 minutes he can read 4;500 words。 Multiplied by 7; the days of the week; the product is 31;500。 Another multiplication by 4; the weeks of the month; makes 126;000。 And final multiplication by 12; the months of the total number of words of average reading an average reader can do in just 15 minutes a day for one year。
Books vary in length from 60;000 to 100;000 words。 The average is about 75;000 words。 In one year of average reading by an average reader for 15 minutes a day; 20 books will be read。 That’s a lot of books。 It is 4 times the number of books read by public…library borrowers in America。 And yet it is easily possible。
One of the greatest of all modern physicians was Sir William Osler。 He taught at the Johns Hopkins Medical School。 He finished his teaching days at McGil University。 Many of the outstanding physicians2 today were his students。 Nearly all of the practicing doctors of today were brought up on his medical textbooks。 Among his many remarkable contributions to medicine are his unpublished notes on how people die。
His greatness is attributed by his biographers and critics3 not alone to his profound medical knowledge and insight but to his broad general education; for he was a very cultured man。 He was interested in what men have done and thought throughout the ages。 And he knew that the only way to find out what the best experiences of the race had been was to read what people had written。 But Osler’s problem was the same as everyone else’s; only more so。 He was a busy physician; a teacher of physicians; and a medical…research specialist。 There was no time in a 24…hour day that did not rightly belong to one of these three occupations; except the few hours for sleep; meals; and bodily functions。
Osler arrived at his solution early。 He would read the last 15 minutes before he went to sleep。 If bedtime was set for 11:00 ; he read from 11:00 to 11:15。 if research kept him up to 2:00 :00 to 2:15。 Over a very long lifetime; Osler never broke the rule once he had established it。 We have evidence that after a while he simply could not fall asleep until he had done his 15 minutes of reading。
In his lifetime; Osler read a significant library of books。 Just do a mental calculation for half a century of 15…minute reading periods daily and see how many books you get。 Consider what a range of interests and variety of subjects are possible in one lifetime。 Osler read widely outside of his medical specialty。 Indeed; he developed from this 15…minute reading habit an avocational specialty to balance his vocational specialization。 Among scholars in English literature; Osler is known as an authority on Sir Thomas Browne; seventeenth century English prose master and Osler’s library on Sir Thomas is considered one of the best anywhere。 A great many more things could be said about Osler’s contribution to medical research; to the reform of medical teaching; to the introduction of modern clinical methods。 But the important point for us here is that he answered supremely well for himself the question all of us who live a busy life must answer: How can I find time to re