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从地球上出现人类起,人与自然之间的亲密关系也随之展开,而且不断地被发扬光大,这种关系每一世纪都比以前变得更为明智而深远。因此,我们求助于自然,并把自然视为人类最年长和最有影响力的老师。从某一个观点来看,自然曾一度是我们的监工,现在却变为我们的奴仆。但从另一个观点来看,自然一直是我们最忠实的朋友、教导者和启发者。这种和谐紧密的关系,如果仅仅是少数人的特权,而大多数人并不能享有,那便会在人们心目中激发一种神秘和情趣。但是事实上,这种亲密关系是被天下所有的人共享的,这就使那和谐紧密的关系失去了神秘和情趣。对于少数人来说,这种关系在每个时代都充满了奇妙和美好;对于多数人来说,这种关系只是理所当然的一件事。天空照耀着每一个人,但是只有在少数人的心目中具有一种变化多端的壮丽,他们在每一个午夜的天空都能看出一种蕴涵着创造性能力的庄严肃穆之美,不论那种景象重复多少次,都不会使那种美模糊不清。如果星辰每一千年才照耀一次大地,人们将怀着敬畏尊崇的心情凝视那种美景,而那种美景如果夜夜都在全世界的上空出现,不但不会减损,反而更为增加它的奇妙。同样,基于相同的原因,我们对于夏日天空里那种由浮云聚散飘忽所形成的一日之间千变万化的纤巧秀丽或壮丽动人的景色,也都漠然置之。海洋的神秘、恐怖和韵律,有助于医疗疲惫心灵和烦躁精神;森林所具有的奥妙和慑人魂魄的魔力;在其幽深之处保有光与大气之奥秘的山峦所呈现的庄严肃穆之美;从不模仿或重复、永远以一种出人意料的新鲜美丽冲击着人类想象力的风景变幻无穷——谁能感受到这些奇异景物的全部力量,或者能从它们那里得到所赐予的健康、快乐和丰美呢?
Man and Nature
Hamilton Wright Mabie
The intimacy between man and Nature began with the birth of man on the earth; and bees each century more intelligent and far…reaching。 To Nature; therefore; we turn as to the oldest aim most influential teacher of our race; from one point of view once our task…master; now our servant; from another point of view; our constant friend; instructor and inspirer。 The very intimacy of this relation robs it of a certain mystery and richness which it would have for all minds if it were the reward of the few instead of being the privilege of the many。 To the few it is; in every age; full of wonder and beauty; to the many it is a matter of course。 The heavens shine for all; but they have a changing splendor to those only who see in every midnight sky a majesty of creative energy and resource which no repetition of the spectacle can dim。 If the stars shone but once in a thousand years; men would gaze; awe struck and worshipful; on a vision which is not less but more wonderful because it shines nightly above the whole earth。 In like manner; and for the same reason; we bee indifferent to that delicately beautiful or sublimely impressive sky scenery which the clouds form and reform; pose and dissipate; a thousand times on a summer day。 The mystery; the terror; and the music of the sea; the secret and subduing charm of the woods; so full of healing for the spent mind or the restless spirit; the majesty of the hills; holding in their recesses the secrets of light and atmosphere; the infinite variety of landscape; never imitative or repetitious; but always appealing to the imagination with some fresh and unsuspected loveliness; who feels the full power of these marvelous resources for the enrichment of life; or takes from them all the health; delight; and enrichment they have to bestow?
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十月之湖(1)
'英国'赫伯特·欧内斯特·贝慈
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赫伯特·欧内斯特·贝慈(1905—1974),英国著名小说家。最初做村书记员,对农村生活比较了解,后来为当地报社撰稿。早期关于农村题材的小说给他带来了较高的声誉,这些小说包括《偷猎者》(1935年),《女人们的房子》(1936年)和短篇小说集《死者的美》(1941年)。二战期间,他参加了皇家空军;进行战前报道。战后他又发表了《爱情的本质》(1954)、《瞬间》(1964年)等等。
十月的枯叶飘落在湖上。在明朗而又平静的日子里,成千上万片的树叶散落在此时色泽渐暗的湖面。白杨的大部分黄色小舰队,在没有风的空中,不断从高大的树梢上自己掉落,稀稀落落的,似乎有落水的声音。不过在雨中,或是雨后,这些小船就游走,或者是被吹走了。于是,除了残留的莲叶依然遮住湖面,湖上就再没有侵犯物了。盛夏时节,那些像一个个翡翠玉盘而覆盖了整个湖面的莲叶,如今也枯萎了;而那犹如正在游动的小蛇的黄色小花蕾,此刻也已不复存在。芦苇也枯了,被寒风和严霜编织成凌乱的篓状小洲。湖上的骨顶鸡和黑水鸡听到陌生人的响动,便溜进这“小洲”底下躲起来。
在睡莲的世界里,骨顶鸡和黑水鸡整个夏天都过着迷茫的生活。它们没有戏水的地方,只能整天在这莲叶的世界里,时而轻轻侧头,时而微微低头,慢慢地滑过莲叶覆盖的湖面。这叶的世界带给它们同冰雪的严冬一样的茫然。在秋季湖面比较干净的日子,骨丁鸡和黑水鸡便活跃得多了。长长的湖面,除两处小岛外,大体都连成一片。鸟儿们突发兴致般发狂地在湖面上时上时下,像小小的黑色水上飞机,时升时降。除了这些鸟儿之外,野鸭也会以相当高的速度飞来,甚是壮观。雄鸭脖颈处的羽毛闪耀着如昂贵的深绿缎面般的光泽,犹如经过了长途远行的空军中队,初次降落在这里。
要等到夏末才可以钓鱼。湖水经过干旱之后,水面变得清且浅。你会看到成群的黑鱼浮到水面上来晒太阳。它们怕羞易惊,要捕捉到是很难的。只有在傍晚的时候,随着天气变凉,湖水也变暗了,湖面也会被游上来的鱼群的银色舞蹈划破,这时,你才可能钓到一两条初生的鲈鱼,或比沙丁鱼还小的鳊鱼。整个夏季,尤其是晴热的早晨,10到20条大梭子鱼的鱼群会在湖中心游来游去,像黑色的电鳐,呆呆地浮在水面,只是偶尔突然的一个挺身,使水面漾起道道涟漪。
尽管很令人奇怪,但是似乎水中和水上的生命都与水密切相关。除了一只孤独的鹪鹩在岸边的赤杨树下心不在焉地站立着,还有在十月的午后哼唱着从岛上飞过湖面的知更鸟,所有的鸟类都属于水鸟。白嘴鸦似乎从来也没有来过,八哥也是。偶尔有一只鸽子拍打着翅膀掠过湖面,飞到林间去了。就连海鸥也成了陆地上的禽类。但是春天,野天鹅会回到淡黄色的芦苇丛中安家,并且有两只高大的苍鹭,每天在河边的草地上踱着步子,听到响声必奋力地、笨重地昂起头来。鹬鸟在沼泽地的棕色草丛上空盘旋;有时,一只翠鸟也魔幻般地飞过赤杨树下的阴暗树篱,树篱就横跨在最窄的水面处。但是有时,这里也会在好长的一段时间里寂静无声。最后一只鱼打破湖面的平静之后,湖水渐渐寂静下来。黑水鸡沉默了,树叶也在十月的空气中停止了摇动与飘落。深红色的浮萍静止在平静的水面。
在这样清新的日子里,湖上的色彩依旧很美。南岸的白杨、赤杨树、栲树和七叶树在湖中投下如柠檬黄和青铜色水帘般的倒影。樱桃园、梨子园火红一片,几乎光秃的秋柳是挡不住那橙黄的火焰的。橡树依然是郁郁葱葱,但是远处的山毛榉却像红色的山峰一样挺立着。湖面本身就有意想不到的绚丽色彩:长满温柏的岛屿依旧是苍绿的,但树的枝头挂满了没人采摘的成熟果实,它们就如盏盏灯笼一样悬挂着。txt电子书分享平台
十月之湖(2)
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明朗而又平静的日子里,让我们带上一份平静的心态,看落叶纷纷,看潮涨潮落,倾听鸟儿的鸣叫……你会发现,原来世界这般美好!
October Lake
Herbert Ernest Bates
The October leaves have fallen on the lake。 On bright; calm days they lie in thousands on the now darkening water; mostly yellow flotillas of poplar; floating continuously down from great trees that themselves shake in the windless air with the sound of falling water; but on rainy days or after rain they seem to swim or be driven away; and nothing remains to break the surface except the last of the olive…yellow lily pads that in high summer covered every inch of water like plates of emerald porcelain。 The lilies have gone too; the yellow small…headed kind that in bud are like swimming snakes; and the great reeds are going; woven by wind and frost into untidy basket islands under which coot and moorhen skid for cover at the sound of strangers。
All summer; in this world of water…lilies; the coot and moorhen lived a bewildered life。 There was no place where they could swim; and all day they could be seen walking daintily; heads slightly aside and slightly down; cross the lily…hidden water; as bemused by the world of leaves as they had been in winter by the world of ice。 In unbroken expect for two small islands。 This birds; as the fit takes them; dash madly up and down it; taking off and touching down like small fussy black sea…planes。 Beside them the arrival of the wild duck; at much higher speed; is almost majestic。 They plane down; the necks of the drakes shining like royal green satin; with the air of squadrons ing in after long flights from home。
It was not until late summer fishing was possible。 The water was so low and clear after drought that the fish could be seen in great dark shoals; sunning themselves; shy; impossible to catch。 Only in the evenings; as the air cooled and the water darkened; and the surface was broken with the silver dances of the rising shoals; would you perhaps get a bite or two; a baby perch sucking at the worm; a roach no bigger than a sardine。 All the time; on bright hot mornings especially; great pike would lie out in the middle of the lake in shoals of ten or even twenty; like black torpedoes; transfixed; never moving except in sudden immense rises that rocked the water…surface with rings。
It is curious; but all the life on and about water seems to belong to water。 Except for a solitary wren fidgeting delicately about the banks under the alder trees; or a robin singing in the October afternoon across the water from the islands; all the bird…life is that of water… birds。 Rooks never seem to e here; nor starlings; an occasional pigeon flaps across to the woods; even the sea…gulls belong to the ploughed land。 But wild swans e back to nest in the piles of fawn…colored reeds in the spring; and two great herons stalk the water…meadows every day; struggling ponderously upwards at the sound of voices。 Snipe whirl away across the tussocks of brown…quelled sedge on the adjacent marshland; and a solitary kingfisher breaks