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ive service。
In the spring of the ninth year of Beginning Prosperity； the Shu army once more took the held against Wei。 In Wei it was the fifth year of Calm Peace （AD 231）。
When the Ruler of Wei heard of this new expedition； he called Sima Yi and asked his advice。
〃Now that my friend Cao Zhen is no more； I am willing to do all that one man can to destroy the rebels against Your Majesty's authority；〃 said Sima Yi。
Cao Rui was gratified by this ready offer； and honored Sima Yi with a banquet。 Next day an edict was issued for the army to move。 The Ruler of Wei； riding in his state chariot； escorted Sima Yi out of the city； and； after the farewells； the mander took the road to Changan； where the force was gathering。 There was assembled a council of war。
Zhang He offered his services； saying； 〃I volunteer to guard Yongcheng and Meicheng against the Shu army。〃
But Sima Yi said； 〃Our vanguard army is not strong enough to face the enemy's whole force。 Moreover； to divide an army is not generally a successful scheme。 The better plan will be to leave a guard in Shanggui and send all the others to Qishan。 Will you undertake the Leadership of the Van？〃
Zhang He consented； saying； 〃I have always been most loyal and will devote my energies entirely to the service of the state。 So far I have not had an adequate opportunity to prove my sincerity。 But now that you confer upon me a post of such responsibility； I can only say that no sacrifice can be too great for me； and I will do my utmost。〃
So Zhang He was appointed Van Leader； and then Guo Huai was set over the defense of the counties of West Valley Land。 Other generals were distributed to other posts； and the march began toward Qishan。
The spies reported： 〃The main force of Shu is directed toward Qishan； and the Leaders of the Van are Wang Ping and Zhang Ni。 The route chosen for their march is from Chencang across San Pass and to the Xie Valley。〃
Hearing this； Sima Yi said to Zhang He； 〃Zhuge Liang is advancing in great force and certainly intends to reap the wheat in West Valley Land for his supply。 You get sufficient troops to hold Qishan； while Guo Huai and I go to Tianshui and foil the enemy's plan to gather the wheat。〃
So Zhang He took forty thousand troops to hold Qishan； and Sima Yi set out westwards to the West Valley Land。
When Zhuge Liang reached Qishan and had settled his army in camp； he saw that the bank of River Wei had been fortified by his enemy。
〃That must be the work of Sima Yi；〃 remarked Zhuge Liang to his generals。 〃But we have not enough food in camp。 I have written to Li Yan to send grain； but it has not yet arrived。 The wheat in West Valley Land is now just ripe； and we will go and reap it。〃
Leaving Wang Ping； Zhang Ni； Hu Ban； and Wu Yi to guard for the camps； Zhuge Liang； with Wei Yan； Jiang Wei； and several other generals； went over to Lucheng。 The Governor of that city knew he could not offer any real defense； so he opened the gates and yielded。
After calming the people； Zhuge Liang asked； 〃Where is the ripe wheat to be found？〃
The Governor replied； 〃Longshang is the place。〃
So Zhang Yi and Ma Zheng were left to guard the city； and the remainder of the army went to Longshang。
But soon the leading body returned to say； 〃Sima Yi has already occupied that city。〃
〃He guessed what I intended to do！〃 said Zhuge Liang； taken aback。
Zhuge Liang then retired； bathed and put on another dress。 Next he bade them bring out three four…wheeled chariots； all exactly alike； that were among the impedimenta of the army。 They had been built in Shu some time before。
Jiang Wei was told off to lead a thousand troops as escort for one chariot； and five hundred drummers were appointed to acpany it。 The chariot with its escort and drummers was sent away behind the city。 In like manner two other chariots were equipped and sent east and west of the city under Ma Dai and Wei Yan。 Each chariot was propelled by a team of twenty…four men； all dressed in black； barefooted and with loosened hair。 Each one of the team also had in hand a sword and a black seven…starred flag。
While the chariots were taking up their positions； thirty thousand soldiers were ordered to prepare wagons and sickles to cut and carry away the grain。
Next Zhuge Liang selected twenty…four good soldiers； whom he dressed and armed like those sent away with the three chariots。 These were to push his own chariot。 Guan Xing was told to dress up as the God of Clouds and to walk in front of Zhuge Liang's chariot holding a black seven…starred flag。 These preparations plete； Zhuge Liang mounted； and the chariot took the road toward the Wei camp。
The appearance of a chariot with such attendants more than startled the enemy's scouts； who did not know whether the apparition was that of a human or a demon。 They hastened to their mander and told him。
Sima Yi came out himself and saw the cavalcade； and its central figure being Zhuge Liang； dressed as a Taoist mystic； with headdress； white robe； and a feather fan。 Around the chariot were twenty…four hair…loosened beings； each with a sword in hand； and leading was a being as a heaven…sent god with the seven…starred flag。
〃Some of Zhuge Liang's odd doings；〃 said he。
And Sima Yi ordered two thousand troops； saying； 〃Chase as fast as you can； and bring in the chariot； escort； and the seated figure。〃
The soldiers went out to do their bidding。 But as soon as they appeared； the chariot retired and took a road leading to the Shu camp。 Although the Wei soldiers were mounted； they could not e up with the cavalcade。 What they did meet with was a chilly breeze and a cold mist that rolled about them。
They found it uncanny and halted； saying one to another； 〃How extraordinary it is that we have been pressing on and yet we got no nearer。 What does it mean？〃
When Zhuge Liang saw that the pursuit had ceased； he had his chariot pushed out again to the front and passed within sight of the halted troops。 At first they hesitated； but presently took up the pursuit once more。 Whereupon the chariot again retired； proceeding slowly； but always keeping out of reach。 And thus more than seven miles were covered and the chariot was still not captured。
Again the soldiers halted； puzzled and perplexed at this inprehensible chase。 But as soon as they stopped； the chariot came again toward them and they retook pursuit。
Sima Yi now came up with a strong force。 But he also halted； and said to his generals； 〃This Zhuge Liang is a master in the arts of necromancy and juggling and Eight Gates and knows how to call up the Deities of Six Layers to his aid。 I know this trick of his： It is the 'Ground Rolling' in the 'Book of Six Layers Deities'； and it is vain to pursue。〃
So they ceased following。 But then a roll of drums came from the left side as if a body of troops were approaching。 Sima Yi told off some panies to repel them； but there only came into view a small force； and in their midst was a party of men dressed in black； the exact counterpart of the cavalcade he had first sent to pursue。 In the chariot sat another Zhuge Liang just like the one that had just disappeared。
〃But just now he was sitting in that other chariot； which we chased for fifteen miles。 How can he be here？〃 said Sima Yi。
Shortly after they heard another roll of the drums； and as the sound died away there appeared another body of men； with a chariot in the midst； exactly like the last and also carrying a sitting figure of Zhuge Liang。
〃They must be heaven…sent soldiers；〃 said Sima Yi。
The soldiers were now feeling the strain of these weird appearances and began to get out of hand。 They dared not stay to fight such beings； and some ran away。 But before they had gone far； lo！ another roll of drums； another cohort and another chariot with a similar figure seated therein。
The soldiers of Wei were now thoroughly frightened； and even Sima Yi himself began to feel doubtful whether these appearances should be ascribed to humans or devils。 He realized； however； that he was in the midst of dangers as he did not know the number of the Shu soldiers； and he and his troops ran away helter…skelter； never stopping till they reached Shanggui。 They entered the city and closed the gates。
Having thus driven off the Wei soldiers； Zhuge Liang proceeded to reap and gather the wheat in Longshang； which was carried into Lucheng and laid out to dry。
Sima Yi remained shut up within the walls for three days。 Then； as he saw his enemies retiring； he sent out some scouts； who presently returned with a Shu soldier they had captured。 The prisoner was questioned。
〃I was of the reaping party；〃 said the man。 〃They caught me when I was looking for some horses that had strayed。〃
〃What wonderful soldiers were they of yours that one saw here lately？〃 asked Sima Yi。
The man replied； 〃Zhuge Liang was with one party of them； the others were led by Jiang Wei； Ma Dai； and Wei Yan。 There was a thousand of fighting soldiers with each chariot and five hundred drummers。 Zhuge Liang was with the first party。〃
〃His ings and goings are not human；〃 said Sima Yi sadly。
Then Guo Huai came； and he was called to a council。
Said Guo Huai； 〃I hear the soldiers of Shu in Lucheng are very few； and they are occupied with gathering the grain。 Why not smite them？〃
Sima Yi told him his