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used to,had better,would rather的用法
1。 Used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在已不存在,在间接引语中,其形式可不变。如: He told us he used to play football when he was young。 在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中,可有两种形式: 疑问句 Did you use to go to the same school as your brother? Used you to go to the same school as your brother? 否定句 I usedn't to go there。 I didn't use to go there。 Usedn't 亦可拼作usen't,但发音皆为''ju:snt'。 否定疑问句 Usen't you to be interested in the theatre? Didn't you use to be interested in the theatre? 强调句 I certainly used to smoke; but it was a long time ago。 I certainly did use to smoke; but it was a long time ago。 其反意疑问句或简略回答中,也有两种形式: She used to be very fat; didn't she? (口语+常用)/ use(d)n't she? (正式+过时) Did you use to play chess? Yes; I did。 Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes; I did。 (Yes; I used to。) 2。 Had better意为“最好”,后接不带to的不定式。如: — We had better go now。 — Yes; we had (we'd better / we had better)。 Hadn't we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?) I think I'd better be going。 (用于进行时态,表“最好立即”) You had better have done that。 (用于完成时态,表未完成动作) 注:①had best与had better同意,但较少用。②You had better … 用于同辈或小辈,对长辈不可用。 3。 Would rather意为“宁愿”,表选择,后接不带to的不定式。如: I'd rather not say anything。 Would you rather work on a farm? — Wouldn't you rather stay here? — No; I would not。 I'd rather go there。 由于would rather表选择,因而后可接than。如: I would rather work on a farm than in a factory。 I would rather watch TV than go to see the film。 I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie。 I'd rather you didn't talk about this to anyone。 (句中的'd rather不是情态动词,would在此是表愿望的实义动词) 注:由于used to,had better同ought to一样没有过去式,所以在直接引语变间接引语的过程中,也不再变化。
can (could); may (might)的用法
can (could) 表示说话人能;可以;同意;准许;以及客观条件许可;could 为 can 的过去式。 Can you pass me the books? 你能给我递一下书吗 ? Could you help me; please? 请问;你能帮助我吗? What can you do? 你能干点什么呢? Can you be sure? 你有把握吗? can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态;将来时态用 be able to 来表示。 He could help us at all。 他完全可以帮助我们。 With the teacher's help;I shall be able to speak English correctly。 由于老师的帮助;我将能准确地讲英语。 may (might) 可以; 表示说话人同意;许可或请求对方许可。 You may take the book home。 你可以把书带回家去。 May I e in? 我可以进来吗? May I use your dictionary? 我可以用你的词典吗? You may put on more clothes。 你可以多穿点衣服。 He said he might lend us some money。 他说他可以借给我们一些钱。 may 否定式为 may not; 缩写形式是 mayn't。 might 是may 的过去式; 有两种用法; 一种表示过去式,一种表示虚拟语气; 使语气更加委婉; 客气或对可能性的怀疑。 He told me he might be here on time。 他说他能按时间来。 Might I borrow some money now。 我可以借点钱吗? He might be alive。 他可能还活着。
must; need; ought to; dare (dared)用法
Must 必须;应该;一定;准是; 表示说话人认为有必要做某事; 命令; 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。 must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时; 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。 I must finish my work today。 我今天必须完成我的工作。 You mustn't work all the time。 你不能老是工作。 Must I return the book tomorrow? 我必须明天还书吗? After such a long walk; you must be tired。 走了这么长的路;你一定困了。 He must be the man I am looking for。 他一定是我要找的人。 He had to go because of somebody's calling him that day。 那天他要走是因为有人叫他。 must + have + 过去分词;表示现在对过去事物的推测。 He must have told my parents about it。 他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。 He must have received my letter now。 他现在一定收到我的信了。 It's six o'clock already; we must have been late again。 已经六点钟了,我们一定又迟到了。 must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想; have to 表示客观需要。 You must do it now。 你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干) I have to go now。 我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走) need 需要 多用在否定式或疑问句中。 Need I attend the meeting tomorrow? 我需要明天参加会议吗? You need not hand in the paper this week。 这一周你不必交论文。 need 是一个情态动词; 他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样; 但 need 还可当作实义动词使用; 这时 need 就象其他动词一样;有第三人称;单复数; 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。 I need a bike to go to school。 我上学需要一辆自行车。 Do you need a dictionary? 你需要词典吗? She needs a necklace。 她需要一条项链。 needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。 You needn't have taken it seriously。 这件事情你不必太认真。 dare 敢 多用在否定或疑问句中。 The little girl dare not speak in public。 小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。 Dare you catch the little cat? 你敢抓小猫吗? dare 除用作情态动词外;更多的是当实义动词使用; 用法同实义动词一样;要考虑人称;单复数;时态等。 Do you dare to walk in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路吗? He doesn't dare to tell the teacher what happened that day。 他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。 have to ; ought ,will ,Shall ; should 。 ought 应当;应该 后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。 You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar。 如果你想知道如何修理汽车;你应该读这些书。 You ought to bring the child here。 你应该把孩子带来。 ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作;表示一件事情该做而未做。 You ought to have been here yesterday。 你昨天就应该来。 ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。 You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading…room。 你不应该把书带出阅览室。 will (would)决心;愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式; 可用于各人称。 I'll do my best to catch up with them。 我要尽全力赶上他们。 I'll never do it again; that's the last time。 我再不会做那件事情了;这是最后一次。 He said he would help me。 他说他会帮助我。 will; would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问;用 would 比 will 更婉转;客气。 It's hot。 Will you open the windows? 天气太热了;你能打开窗户吗? Will you help me to work it out? 你能帮我解这道题吗? Would you like some coffee? 给你来点咖啡怎样? Shall; should表示命令;警告;允诺;征求;劝告;建议惊奇。 You should hand in the exercise book。 你应该交作业本了。 This should be no problem。 这应该没问题。 Shall we go now。 我们现在可以走了吗? Why should I meet him? 为什么我要见他? have to;不得不;必须;表示客观条件只能如此; 而must 则表示主观思想必须。 I have to go now。 我现在得走了。 I have to cook for my child。 我得给孩子做饭。 You must be here on time next time。 你下次一定要按时来。 We must go to get the timetable ourselves。 我们一定要自己去拿时刻表。