按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
ist thinking。
MARK GARNETT，基思。约瑟夫的传记作者：从1974年中期开始，约瑟夫进行了一次十字军东征向整个国家宣扬他的思想；他想做的是把战斗推进到敌人的心脏地带；他相信大学已经被社会主义思想所腐蚀。
KEITH JOSEPH： Because there was a free society in this country。。。。
基思。约瑟夫：因为这个国家是一个自由社会……
CECIL PARKINSON； Conservative Minister； 19811983； 19871989： And he was going right into the lions' den； arguing a case that many people had never heard before。
CECIL PARKINSON，保守党大臣，1981－1983年：他直入虎穴，辩论很多人已经从未听过的话题。
MARK GARNETT： Joseph felt that it was his duty to fight back on behalf of the free market。
MARK GARNETT：约瑟夫觉得代表自由市场进行战斗是他的责任。
NARRATOR： To revive the economy； Joseph preached that Britain needed more risktaking； which meant more bankrupts and more millionaires； and less equality。
旁白：为了使经济复苏，约瑟夫鼓吹英国需要冒更大的风险，这意味着更多的破产、更多的百万富翁和更少的平等。
CECIL PARKINSON： The audience would sort of gasp。 They'd never heard anybody challenging the consensus。
CECIL PARKINSON：听众将有些惊讶。他们从未听过有人挑战主流意见。
KEITH JOSEPH： Mild inflation seemed a painless way of maintaining full employment； encouraging growth； and expanding the social services。 So the result is that we're now more socialist in many ways than any other developed country outside the munist bloc。
基思。约瑟夫：温和的通货膨胀似乎是保持充分就业、鼓励增长和扩大社会服务的一种无痛苦方式。结果是我们今天在许多方面都比共产主义集团以外的任何发达国家更接近社会主义。
RALPH HARRIS： He used to be smuggled in the back door。 He was genuinely hurt that the students had reacted to this penetrating argument by chucking flour bombs at him。
拉尔夫。哈里斯：他过去常常被从后门偷偷带进来。学生们对他尖锐的观点报之以面粉团，这真正伤害了他。
MARK GARNETT： It was almost a badge of honor that he would e away from these meetings with egg yolk running down his suit。
MARK GARNETT：他离开会场时衣服上带着打破的鸡蛋，这几乎成了他的荣誉勋章。
NARRATOR： Keith Joseph's most significant adherent was an upanding Conservative politician named Margaret Thatcher。 In Parliament and politics； Thatcher's closest friends agree that Keith Joseph's influence on her was crucial。
旁白：基思。约瑟夫最重要的信徒是一位崭露头角的保守党政治家－玛格丽特。撒切尔。撒切尔在议会两院以及政治生涯中的密友都承认基思。约瑟夫对她的影响极其重要。
NIGEL VINSON； Institute of Economic Affairs： She relied on him to give her deep intellectual support。 There's nothing wrong with intuition。 Intuition is reason in a hurry； and Keith just supported and reinforced her intuition。 At the very moment； she needed that support。
NIGEL VINSON，经济问题研究所：她依靠他来获取深度的思想支持。直觉没有错，直觉是理由，而基思恰恰支持和加强了她的直觉。在非常深刻，她需要这种支持。
NARRATOR： Margaret Thatcher had a gut instinct for market economics。 Her father had been a grocer； and when she was a girl； she had helped him in the shop。 Hardworking and studious； she won a place at Oxford University； where she became interested in student politics。
旁白：玛格丽特。撒切尔对市场经济有一种本能的直觉。她的父亲是杂货店主；当撒切尔还是个少女时，她就已经在店里帮忙了。苦干和勤学使她得以进入牛津大学学习，在那里她开始政治感兴趣。
While she was at Oxford； she read Hayek's Road to Serfdom。 It made a lasting impression on her。 Years later； when she became the first woman to lead the Conservative Party； she once slammed Hayek's book down on a table and announced； "；This is what we believe。"；
她在牛津的时候就阅读了哈耶克的《通往奴役的道路》，这给她留下了长久的印象。多年以后，当她成为保守党的第一位女领袖时，她曾经猛地将哈耶克的书拍在桌子上，宣布：“这是我的信仰。”
RALPH HARRIS： （laughs） Thatcher's office came on and said could she e and drop in to see him。 And so she called by； and there was a period of unaccustomed silence from Margaret Thatcher as she sat there； intense； attending to the master's words。
拉尔夫。哈里斯：（笑）撒切尔的办公室人员来到说她可否来顺道拜访他。于是她就来顺道拜访了，她坐在那里不同寻常的沉默了一段时间，专注于主人的谈话。
NARRATOR： By 1974； Hayek sensed the world beginning to go his way。
旁白：到1974年的时候，哈耶克感觉到世界开始按他的方式出发。
FRIEDRICH VON HAYEK （interviewed in 1978）： As for the movement of intellectual opinion is concerned； it is now for the first time in my life moving in the right direction。
哈耶克（1978年的采访）：就所关心的思想观点运动来说，现在是我生命中第一次朝正确的方向运动。
Onscreen title： Stockholm； 1974
字幕标题：斯德哥尔摩，1974年
NARRATOR： In the battle of ideas； 1974 was a turning point。 Hayek's Nobel Prize came as a surprise； but the balance was now shifting away from Keynes and towards Hayek。
旁白：在思想的战争中，1974年是一个转折点。哈耶克获得诺贝尔奖令人惊讶，但是天平现在正从凯恩斯一方向哈耶克一方倾斜。
FRIEDRICH VON HAYEK： I like to say when I was a young man； only the very old men still believed in the freemarket system。 When I was in my middle ages I myself and nobody else believed in it。 And now I have the pleasure of having lived long enough to see that the young people again believe in it。 And that is a very important change。
哈耶克：我想说我年轻时，只有很老的人才相信自由市场体系；我中年时除了我自己以外没有人相信它；现在我很高兴活得够长能看到年轻人再次信奉它。这是一个非常重要的变化。
Chapter 14： Deregulation Takes Off ＇7：29＇
第十四章：取消管制
Onscreen title： Chicago； 1974
字幕标题：芝加哥，1974年
NARRATOR： The
旁白：美国经济正经历着自大萧条以后最严重的低迷时期。工业发展缓慢；失业上升；阿拉伯石油禁运后接踵而来的是赎罪日战争。美国人排队等待购买汽油；所有的价格都在上涨。
Chicago School economists had always argued that rigid government regulations were keeping prices high and fueling inflation。 Now more people began to wonder if petition could break the inflationary stranglehold。
芝加哥学派的经济学家一直争论说政府的硬性规章使价格居高不下，助长了通货膨胀。现在更多的人开始想知道竞争是否能够打破通货膨胀的束缚。
SAM PELTZMAN： What is the effect of regulating the airlines？ What is the effect of regulating the trucking industry？ And what is the effect of regulating the railroad industry？ Very often； it raises prices。 Instead of allowing petition； it suppresses petition。
SAM PELTZMAN：管制航线的影响是什么？管制火车运输业的影响是什么？管制铁路的影响是什么？管制常常引起价格上涨。与允许竞争相反，它抑制了竞争。
Onscreen title： Washington； ； 1974
字幕标题：华盛顿，1974年
NARRATOR： In the airline industry； the host of regulations enacted during the Great Depression were still in force。 It was a classic example of regulated capitalism。 But deregulation was in the air。
旁白：大萧条时期针对航空业制定的许多规章制度至今仍然有效。这是管制资本主义的一个典型例子。但是违反规定的情况有可能发生。
Stephen Breyer； now a Supreme Court justice； then a Harvard professor； was asked by liberal Democratic senator Ted Kennedy to head a Senate investigation of airline regulations。
现任最高法院法官的Stephen Breyer那时是哈佛大学的一名教授，应自由主义者－民主党参议员Ted Kennedy的请求主持一项关于航空业规章制度的调查研究。
STEPHEN BREYER； ： You discovered that basically the same firms that had been there in 1938 were still there。 Those were the major carriers and nobody new。
STEPHEN BREYER，美国最高法院法官：我们发现自从1938年以来基本就是那些公司存在，它们是主要的航空公司，没有新进入者。
NARRATOR： The hearings began； and officials from the Civil Aeronautics Board were called to testify。
旁白：听证开始了；美国民用航空局的官员被召来作证。
STEPHEN BREYER： And it turned out that 5 percent of their time went to stop prices that were too high and 95 percent of their time went to stop prices that were too low； but always the effort was to keep the price high and not low。
STEPHEN BREYER：事实证明他们5％的时间用来调整过高的价格，95％的时间用来调整过低的价格，但是调整价格的努力总是使价格处于高位而不是低位。
NARRATOR： Naturally； the established airlines were quite happy with this arrangement。
旁白：自然，已存在的航空公司对此非常高兴。
STEPHEN BREYER： And we'd say； "；When was the last time you granted a new route？ Well？"；
STEPHEN BREYER：我们要说：“什么时候你们才最后批准新路线？啊？”
NARRATOR： Regulations meant that major carriers like Pan Am never had to pete with newers。 But some cutprice charter flight operators wanted to break this club。 Leading the struggle against Pan Am over its profitable transAtlantic flights was an exuberant Englishman called Freddie Laker。
旁白：规章制度意味着主要的航空公司，比如泛美航空公司，永远不必和新进入者竞争。但是一些打折的包机飞行经营者希望打破这个俱乐部。一位名叫Freddie Laker 的活力充沛的英国人领导了反对泛美航空公司有利可图的横跨大西洋航线的斗争。
FREDDY LAKER： I'm Freddy Laker。 I own Laker Airways； and I'm dedicated to lowcost air travel。 With Laker you can fly round trip to the USA or Canada in one of our widebodied DC10s for less than half the price of a normal economy ticket。 Look； I've got to give you a better deal I've got my name on every plane。
FREDDY LAKER：我是Freddy Laker。我拥有Laker航线，致力于降低空中旅行的费用。选择Laker，你可以乘坐我们的道尔－10s飞机作到美国或者加拿大的往返飞行，而价格还不到正常经济舱机票价格的一半。看，我在每架飞机上都留下了我的名字。
STEPHEN BREYER： The Transportation Department said that this may hurt Pan Am。 And Fr