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YEGOR GAIDAR： I was driving to my office on Old Square； past Detsky Mir； the children's shop； and I saw a huge crowd of people。 I sent my aides to find out what was going on； and they saw hundreds of people with various kinds of goods。 They were holding a copy of the decree on the freedom of trade while trying to buy or sell stuff。 So that's when I understood that in 75 years it had not been possible to extinguish this entrepreneurial spirit。 That was one of the pivotal points。 Starting from then； there were no more shortages in Russia。 I felt that we were right and that market forces worked； even in this tortured economy。
尤戈。盖达（Yegor Gaidar）：我驱车走在老广场，在去办公 室的路上，当我路过Detsky Mir儿童商店时，我看到那里围了一大堆人，我让我的随从下去看看发生了什么事，他们看到了成百上千人手里拿着各种各样的商品，他们在买卖商品时，手里还拿着政府鼓励自由贸易的传单。这时我明白了，即使是用了75年，也没有泯灭人们的企业家精神，这一点很关键。从这开始，俄罗斯再也没有短缺了，我感到我们成功了，市场力量开始发挥作用了，即使是在这个扭曲的经济中。
NARRATOR： The market may have been reborn； but for ordinary Russians reform meant higher prices。
旁白：市场可能是回来了，但对于大多数俄罗斯人来说，改革意味着涨价。
LILIA SHEVTSOVA： I hurried to a department store to look at the faces of Muscovites； whether they would revolt； looking； you know； at all these skyrocketing prices； because Gaidar felt that they would increase twofold。 They increased twelvefold。
LILIA SHEVTSOVA：我急忙来到百货公司，看看莫斯科人看到这样的飞涨的价格是否会有抗议的脸色，因为盖达预计价格只会涨2倍，结果却涨了12倍。
NARRATOR： Prices kept rising。 The hardliners who controlled the Central Bank made it much worse。 Their policies fueled inflation。
旁白：价格持续上涨，控制着中央银行的顽固分子使得情况变得更糟糕，他们的政策加剧了通货膨胀。
In Norilsk； factory workers like Yuri Khamutov were cleaned out。
在诺里尔斯克（Norilsk），工厂的工人被辞退了，象Yuri Khamutov一样。
YURI KHAMUTOV： Chubais talked about reform； but with him and with Gaidar； nothing improved。 We lived worse and worse and worse。 So much for Gaidar's reforms。 Many came north to earn the money to buy a house； a flat； a car； to save a pension。 And then in one day you were left with nothing。 It was so sudden； some people mitted suicide。
YURI KHAMUTOV：丘拜斯（Chubais）大谈改革，但是他和盖达都没有使境况变得好些，我们的生活越来越糟糕，与日俱下，这都是盖达的改革造成的，许多人来到北方是要赚钱买房子、汽车、存养老金，但是忽然有一天你什么也没了，这太突然了，有些人为此自杀。
GRIGORY YAVLINSKY： Inflation came 500 percent； 600 percent； 700 percent。 The monies simply went to the ashes； simply to nothing。 The population was simply smashed by that hyperinflation； and that undermined all kind of belief in the economic changes。
格里格利。叶维林斯基（Grigory Yavlinsky）：通货膨胀达到了500％，600％，700％，财富就这样化为了灰烬，一无所有了。人们遭受了恶性通货膨胀的重创，这动摇了人们对于经济改革的各种信念。
Chapter 17： India Escapes Collapse ＇3：16＇
第十七章： 印度幸免崩溃
Onscreen title： New Delhi； India
字幕标题：印度，新德里
NARRATOR： The collapse of the Soviet Union reverberated round the world。 For India； it was the end of a role model； the ideal of central planning shattered。
旁白：苏联的垮台在全世界引起了很大的反响，对印度来说，中央计划理念的榜样倒了。
MANMOHAN SINGH： This was telling proof that a mand type of economy was not as secure as we had thought。 Therefore； the collapse of the Soviet Union was a major factor which influenced thinking on economic reforms in our country； as in other countries。
买买汗。辛格（Manmohan Singh）：这表明指令式的经济并不像我们想象的那么安全，因此，苏联的垮台对我们及其它一些国家对经济改革的思考产生了很大的影响。
NARRATOR： Planned by bureaucrats and cut off from the world trade； India's economy had grown stagnant； inefficient； and indebted。 In 1991 India stared bankruptcy in the face。
旁白：由于官僚主义计划和与世界贸易隔绝，印度的经济已经处于停滞、无效的状态，并且负债累累，1991年，印度的破产近在眼前。
P。 CHIDAMBARAM： We were borrowing heavily。 We had to mortgage our gold deposits。 Our growth rate had e to virtually zero。 All this added to our very enormous crisis。
P。 CHIDAMBARAM：我们借了大量的贷款，我们不得不以黄金储备做了抵押。我们的实际增长率下降为零，所有的这些加剧了我们本已很严重的危机。
NARRATOR： In the midst of the crisis； the economist Manmohan Singh received an urgent call from the new prime minister。 He found himself appointed finance minister。
旁白：在危机中，经济学家买买汗。辛格（Manmohan Singh）接到了新任总理的紧急电话，他被告知他已被任命为财政部长。
MANMOHAN SINGH： Well； I said to him that we are on the verge of a collapse。 Our foreign exchange reserves when I took over were no more than a billion dollars that is roughly equal to two weeks' imports。 The argument was quite simple： We were in the midst of an unprecedented crisis； it was time to think big。
买买汗。辛格（Manmohan Singh）：我告诉他，我们已经处在崩溃的边缘，我上任时我们的外汇储备已经不足10亿美元——这大约只相当于两个星期的进口。情况非常清楚：我们正处在一个空前的危机当中，我们真的需要严肃地考虑考虑。
NARRATOR： To the horror of his own political party； the prime minister gave the green light for freemarket reform。
旁白：使他自己的政党感到惧怕的是，总理给自由市场化改革开了绿灯。
P。 CHIDAMBARAM： Well； the rank and file of the party were simply bewildered。 They did resist the kind of changes that we brought about。 But we presented them the hard facts that unless all this was done； the economy would simply collapse。
P。 CHIDAMBARAM：党内的责任制度和文件都很混乱，他们抵制我们的改革方式，但我们给他们提供了铁的事实：除非做到这些，否则经济只会崩溃。
NARRATOR： India's Permit Raj was ended； state control reduced。 Government subsidies were cut； tariffs and trade barriers reduced； and regulatory licenses eliminated。
旁白：印度的许可统治结束了，国家控制被削弱，政府补贴被削减，关税和贸易壁垒减少了，管制许可证制度被取消。
MANMOHAN SINGH： We got government off the backs of the people of India； particularly off the backs of India's entrepreneurs。 We introduced more petition to release the innovative spirits； which were always there in India。 The economy turned around much sooner and much more deeply than I had anticipated。 Indian industry boomed。 We created a record number of jobs； we were able to control inflation； and the economy was growing at the rate of 7 percent per annum； so our critics were pletely silenced。
买买汗。辛格（Manmohan Singh）：我们消除了政府对印度人民的各种限制，尤其是对印度企业家的限制，我们引入了更多的竞争，以释放印度人民潜在的创新精神。经济状况回转得比我预想的更快、要深远。印度的工业繁荣了，我们提供了创记录的就业机会，我们控制了通货膨胀，经济以年7％的速度增长，所以我们的批评者们彻底地闭上了嘴。
Chapter 18： Russia Tries to Privatize ＇5：33＇
第十八章： 俄罗斯尝试私有化
Onscreen title： Moscow； Russia
字幕标题：俄罗斯，莫斯科
NARRATOR： In Russia； the manding heights of the economy were still in the hands of the state。 In a great idealistic move； the young reformers set out to democratize state industries by simply giving them away。 In charge of this program of privatization was Anatoly Chubais。 The 70year munist monopoly was about to be overturned。 Russian citizens were given vouchers which they could use to buy shares in privatized panies。
旁白：在俄罗斯，经济的制高点仍然掌握在国家手中，在非常理想化的行动中，年轻的改革家们开始通过简单地放弃而使国有工业民主化，管理这项私有化工作的是阿那特利。丘拜斯（Anatoly Chubais）。70年的共产主义垄断即将被打破，俄罗斯公民分配到国有企业产权凭证，他们可以拿这些凭证去购买私有化公司的股份。
BORIS YELTSIN； President； Russia； 19911999： We need millions of property owners； not just a few millionaires。 All Russian citizens； workers； pensioners； and small children will be given privatization vouchers worth 10；000 rubles。
俄罗斯总统（19911999）鲍里斯。叶利钦（Boris Yeltsin）：我们需要成百上千万的所有者，而不仅仅是几个百万富翁，所有的俄罗斯市民、工人、老人及儿童都将按人头每人获得一张价值1万卢布的私有化产权凭证。
NARRATOR： There was a problem： Not one pany was ready to be privatized。
旁白：有一个问题：没有一家公司愿意接受私有化。
BORIS JORDAN； President； The Sputnik Group： They had distributed 144 million vouchers to the people； but had no practical idea on how to get panies through the privatization process and actually into public hands； away from the state。
Sputnik集团（Sputnik Group）总裁鲍里斯。乔丹（Boris Jordan）：他们总计给民众发放了一亿四千万张产权凭证，但却没有具体的措施来使企业顺利渡过这样的私有化进程，并切实地把产权从政府手里转到公众手中。
NARRATOR： The young reformers asked Boris Jordan； one of the first foreign bankers to set up shop in Moscow； to find a pany to privatize。 But they had to move fast。
旁白：鲍里斯。乔丹（Boris Jordan）是第一个在莫斯科开设营业部的外国银行家，年轻的改革家们要求他寻找一家公司进行私有化，但他们必须行动迅速。
BORIS JORDAN： They knew that if they didn't at least launch the program by December 9； 1992； when the Congress of People's Deputies was getting together； the munists were going to kill privatization。
鲍里斯。乔丹（Boris Jordan）：他们知道，如果他们到1992年12月9日人民代表大会开始之时，还没有开始实施这一计划的话，共产党将会扼杀私有化。
NARRATOR： The young reformers were in a race against time。
旁白：年轻的改革家们在跟时间赛跑。
BORIS JORDAN： It was ver