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在贸易问题方面,总统改变了他的立场并宣布他将全力支持北美自由贸易协定
ROBERT RUBIN: President Clinton gave a speech in the East Room at the White House that set out how he wanted to discuss NAFTA with the American people。 It was really quite a remarkable speech。 He talked about NAFTA in a much broader context。 He talked about NAFTA in the context of the rapid changes taking place in the global economy; not only from trade; but from technological development; spread of marketbased economics。
罗伯特鲁宾:克林顿总统在白宫东厅发表了一次演讲,说明了他想和美国人民讨论北美自由贸易协定的急切心情,那的确是一个令人惊叹的演讲,他在更加广阔的背景下描述了北美自由贸易协定的内容——全球经济迅速地发展变化,原因不只是贸易的发展,还有技术的发展以及市场经济的扩张。
BILL CLINTON: This debate about NAFTA is a debate about whether we will embrace these changes and create the jobs of tomorrow; or try to resist these changes hoping we can preserve the economic structures of yesterday。 Nothing we do in this great Capitol can change the fact that people can move money around in the blink of an eye。 I tell you; my fellow Americans; that if we learned anything from the collapse of the Berlin Wall and the fall of the governments of Eastern Europe; even a totally controlled society cannot resist the winds of change that economics and technology and information flow have imposed in this world of ours。
比尔克林顿:关于北美自由贸易协定的辩论的主要内容有:我们是否应该接纳这些变化并创造未来的工作机会,后者试图抗拒这些变化并希望我们能够保留过去的经济结构。在这伟大的国会山,我们无论做什么也改变不了这个事实——人们能在我们的眼皮子底下移动资金,我可以告诉你们,我的美国同胞,如果我们能从柏林墙的倒塌、东欧政府的崩溃中吸取任何教训的话,那就是:即使是一个被完全控制的社会也无法抗拒变化的风潮——经济、技术和信息的流动已经对我们所在的世界产生了影响。
NARRATOR: To some of his supporters; the president's change of heart on NAFTA was nothing less than a sellout。
旁白:对于他的一些支持者来说,总统在北美自由贸易协定问题上立场的变化无异于一场背叛。
THEA LEE; Assistant Director for International Economics; AFLCIO: The AFLCIO; the labor movement in the United States; opposed NAFTA as it stood because we saw that as a corporatedominated trade and investment agreement; one that served the interests of multinational corporations; that improved their flexibility; their mobility; their clout。 And at the same time NAFTA did nothing to protect the rights of workers to form unions; to bargain collectively; and to really raise their voices in the political system so that workers could be formidable countervailing power to multinational corporations。 I think Clinton did sell out his traditional bluecollar supporters on the NAFTA issue; and a lot of people haven't fiven him for that。
THEA LEE; 国际经济组织的助理总监; AFLCIO:AFLCIO——美国劳工运动——反对北美自由贸易协定,因为我们认为:这是一个以公司为导向的贸易和投资协定,完全服务于跨国公司的利益,提高了它们的灵活性、流动性和影响。而同时,北美自由贸易协定没有任何内容来保护工人组织工会、集体谈判的权利,也不能真正提高工人在政治体系中的声音,因为如果那样,工人的力量就会非常强大,足以和跨国公司抗衡。我认为,在这个问题上,克林顿没有出卖传统的蓝领工人支持者,而许多人们不能原谅这一点。
BILL CLINTON: Our adversaries tried to make it look like the whole American establishment's on one side and the little guys are on the other。 And they could; you know; stir that fear factor; and it was a tough sell。 It was a tough sell。
比尔克林顿:我们的敌人试图使所有美国的成就看起来在一个方面,而那些小家伙则站在另外一面,你知道,这样他们就能激起令人恐惧的因素。这是一次艰难的背叛。
NEWT GINGRICH; Speaker; House of Representatives; 19951999: I thought it was the most of courageous act of his presidency; and we worked with him very hard。 The Republicans in the House provided a much bigger percentage of the votes than the Democrats did。
NEWT GINGRICH; 发言人; 美国下议院,19951999: 我认为,这是在他总统任期期间最勇敢的举动,和他一起做工作,我们也非常困难,因为议院中的共和党的投票权远远超过民主党。
NARRATOR: Sixty percent of congressional Democrats voted against NAFTA。 It passed only with Republican support。
旁白:有60%的议会民主党人士投票反对北美自由贸易协定,由于共和党的支持才得以通过。
Chapter 4: Crossing Borders '3:30'
第四章: 跨越国界
Onscreen caption: Tijuana; Mexico
字幕标题:Tijuana,墨西哥
After NAFTA became law; thousands of foreign panies built factories in Northern Mexico; exporting goods to the American market just a few miles away。 Eighty percent of all televisions sold in the
在北美自由贸易协定成为法律之后,数以千计的外国公司在墨西哥北部设立工厂,将产品出口到数英里以外的美国市场,在美国销售的电视机中有80%来自这个地区。在墨西哥北部边界地区,有将近一百万工人找到了新的工作。
MARIA ISABEL; Factory Worker; Tijuana; Mexico: I have two children。 In the South I didn't have a job and couldn't give my children what they need。 I left them behind with relatives and came here to find work。 I found a job in a television factory。 I earn enough to send some money home to my children。 I couldn't do that before。
MARIA ISABEL; 工厂工人; Tijuana; 墨西哥:我有两个孩子。在南部,我没有工作,不能给我的孩子提供他们需要的东西,我将他们托付给亲戚,来到这里找工作。我在一家电视机厂里找到了一份工作,我挣到了足够的钱寄给我的孩子,在以前,我可没有这个能力。
JE CASTANEDA; Foreign Minister of Mexico: This is a country of about over 100 million people。 There is no question that those 10 to 12 million people who live in the North and the border area are not doing badly by Mexican standards。 And it has bee more industrialized; with more jobs; higher wages; better social indicators; etc。 The North has benefited undoubtedly。 The people in the South are doing very badly by Mexican; or by anybody's; standards。
JE CASTANEDA; 墨西哥外交部长:这个国家拥有1亿人口,根据墨西哥的标准,居住在北部和边界地区的一千到一千二百万人口过的并不是很糟糕。这个地区已经变的更加工业化,有更多的工作机会,更高的薪酬水平,社会指数也有所好转。毫无疑问,北部地区受益非浅。而无论用墨西哥的标准还是其他任何人的标准来判断,南部地区的生活状况十分糟糕。
NARRATOR: Forty percent of Mexico's population lives in poverty。 Mexico's embrace of NAFTA and free trade was part of a broader change in thinking within developing countries。 Their governments increasingly saw open markets as the key to economic growth。
旁白:有40%的墨西哥人口生活在贫困之中,墨西哥加入北美自由贸易协定是发展中国家思维方式广泛变化的一部分。他们的政府日益意识到,开放市场是经济增长的关键因素。
VICENTE FOX; President of Mexico: I worked 15 years for CocaCola。 I started as a route salesman。 I started right from the bottom。 And I learned that discipline; that hard work; that talent is the way to succeed。 I have always seen globalization as an opportunity。 Just the trade agreement with the United States has moved our total trading; which was six years ago US40 billion; today is US280 billion in just six years。 Nobody loses。 Everybody can win。
VICENTE FOX,墨西哥总统:我曾为可口可乐公司工作过15年之久,开始时我做是路边销售的,从最基层做起,我学习到了这个信条:努力工作和天分是通往成功的道路。我一直将全球化看作一个机遇。和美国之间的贸易协定使我们的贸易总额从6年之前的400亿美元增加到了今天的2800亿美元。没有人受到什么损失,每个人都可以获益。
THEA LEE: Obviously trade has increased; investment has increased。 And if the only metric you use to measure whether NAFTA has been a success or not is the volume of trade; then NAFTA is tremendously successful。 And yet most normal working people; most normal citizens don't watch the volume of trade。 panies have been more aggressive and threatening to move production to Mexico。 They've succeeded in bargaining down wages and opposing unions。 And so in a lot of different fronts we think that NAFTA has shifted the balance of bargaining power in the continent of North America towards multinational corporations。
THEA LEE:很明显,贸易已经增加了,投资也增加了。如果用来衡量北美自由贸易协定的唯一标准是贸易的化,那么它毫无疑问是极其成功的。但是,绝大部分劳动者和普通公民并不观察贸易额。公司越来越积极地和具有威胁性地把生产转移到墨西哥去。在降低薪水和反对工会的谈判中,他们已经取得了成功。因此,在很多不同的层面上,我们认为北美自由贸易协定已经把谈判力量的平衡从北美大陆转移到了跨国公司。
NARRATOR: Since NAFTA came into effect; about 400;000 American jobs have been ";adversely affected"; by trade with Canada and Mexico; according to the ; and over the '90s; global trade nearly doubled。
旁白:根据美国政府的报告,自从北美自由贸易协定生效以来,大约有400,000名美国人的工作受到了与加拿大和墨西哥之间贸易的“负面影响”,对这些地区的出口已经创造了超过一百万份的新工作机会,在整个90年代,全球贸易几乎增长了一倍。
。 想看书来
Chapter 5: The Global Market '3:48'
第五章 全球市场
NARRATOR: We tend to think of trade as products and goods moving across borders。 In fact; the biggest trade of all can't be seen。 It is money; the continuous; 24hour worldwide flows of stocks; bonds; and currencies。 In the 1990s; practically anyone with savings in a pension or mutual fund became an investor in the global market。
旁白:我们倾向于认为贸易就是产品和货物在国家之间流动。而事实上,最大的贸易我们是看不见的——就是金钱——24小时、全球范围的股票、债券和货币的流动。在20世纪90年代,几乎所有在退休基金和互助基金中有所储蓄的人都成为全球市场投资者。