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制高点-第33章

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多。
Onscreen caption: Singapore
字幕:新加坡
NARRATOR: China's leaders hoped to emulate the ";tiger economies"; of Southeast Asia; where trade and investment had transformed onceimpoverished nations。
旁白:中国领导人希望仿效东南亚的“小虎经济模式”,在东南亚,贸易和投资已经完全改变了曾一度非常贫穷的国家。
LEE KUAN YEW; Senior Minister of Singapore: When the British came here in 1819; they found a fishing village of about 120 people。 When the empire broke up; everybody wanted to do their own trading; and we could easily have withered on the vine。 So we just had to make ourselves relevant to the world。 And the countries that make themselves relevant bee better off; their people bee better off。 Those who opt out; they suffer。
李光耀,新加坡高级部长:1819年英国人到达这里的时候,他们看到的是一个只有120人的小渔村。在英殖民帝国崩溃的时候,每个人都想进行他们自己的贸易,而我们可能会在这种情形下失败。所以,我们必须使自己成为这个世界的一部分。那些使自己相互关联的国家变的更加繁荣,他们的人民也更加富有。那些选择孤立在世界之外的国家则遭受到了痛苦。
NARRATOR: Since the 1970s; the countries of Southeast Asia had bee became worldclass exporters; shipping everything from cars to puters across the globe。
旁白:自从20世纪70年代以来,东南亚国家已经变成了世界一流的出口国,把从汽车到电脑等产品运往全球各地。
DANIEL YERGIN: They called it the Asian economic miracle because the world had not really seen that kind of economic growth; that many people brought out of poverty; that rapid a creation of a middle class so quickly anywhere in the history of the world。  DANIEL YERGIN:他们称之为亚洲经济奇迹,因为世界经济从来没有经历过如此的增长,许多人民脱离了贫困,中产阶级形成速度之快也是世界历史上从来没有过的。
NARRATOR: By the mid90s; many Asian economies were growing at the astonishing rate of 10 percent or more each year。
旁白:直到90年代中期,许多亚洲经济体都还在以令人吃惊的速度增长——年度增长率达10%甚至更高。
LEE HSIEN LOONG; Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore: There was a tremendous confidence and hope that this was the Asian century; and the place was being transformed; and you just had to put money there and it would grow on trees。
李显龙,新加坡副总理:人们非常自信地认为并希望这将是亚洲的世纪,这个地区正在转型, 你只要把钱放在这儿,接着树上就会长出钱来
DANIEL YERGIN: I remember the CEO of one major pany in about 1995 or so saying; ";If we're not investing in Asia tomorrow; we're too late。";
DANIEL YERGIN:我记得在大约在1995年有一位大公司的首席执行官说过:“如果我们明天还没有将钱投资在亚洲地区,我们就太迟了。”
 。。

Chapter 10: The Japanese Paradox '3:01'
第十章: 日本的矛盾
Onscreen caption: Tokyo; Japan
字幕:东京,日本
NARRATOR: Yet there was one big exception。 Japan; the world's second largest economy; had fallen into a deep; unexpected slump that shook the confidence of its people。
旁白:但是,这里也有一个极大的例外——日本,世界第二大经济体——已经深深陷入了意外的衰退之中,这一衰退动摇了日本人民的自信心。
KAORI MARUYA; Parliamentary Secretary for Foreign Affairs; Japan: Japan was in the socalled bubble economy; and at that time the Japanese people were not very careful about debt。 After the collapse of the bubble economy; people came back to reality and came down from their dreams。
KAORI MARUYA; 日本外务省初级秘书; 日本:日本曾处在所谓的泡沫经济中,当时,日本民众对债务问题并不十分谨慎。在泡沫经济破灭之后,人们从梦境中醒来,重新回到现实之中。
Onscreen caption: Japanese banks hold 1 trillion in bad debts。
字幕:日本银行有1万亿美元的坏帐。
NARRATOR: Japan's economy once looked unstoppable; but it was slow to adapt to the rapid changes of a fastmoving; interconnected world。
旁白:日本经济曾一度看起来势不可挡,但是,在接纳这个快速移动、互相联系的世界所发生的迅猛变化的时候,日本动作缓慢。
EISUKE SAKAKIBARA; Vice Minister of Finance; Japan; 19971999: Japan is a very sort of parochial and very closed economy; there's no question about it。 Walk around the Japanese cities; you don't see many foreigners。
EISUKE SAKAKIBARA; 大藏省次长; 日本,19971999:日本是一个地域狭小的国家,经济非常封闭,这一点毋庸质疑。在日本城市中闲逛的时候,你不会看到很多外国人。
NARRATOR: Japan; the great exporter; protected its domestic industries。 At the heart of the country's economic problems lay a contradiction。
旁白:最大的出口国——日本——对国内工业实施保护政策。在此国家的经济问题的中心存在着一个矛盾
EISUKE SAKAKIBARA: One sector of the Japanese economy is an exportoriented sector which is highly petitive; consisting of Toyotas and Sonys。 And the other is domestic manufacturing sector which is extremely unpetitive。 We have a marketoriented capitalistic system on the one hand; we have a very socialistic; egalitarian sector on the other。
EISUKE SAKAKIBARA:日本经济的一个部分是以出口为导向的产业部门,竞争非常激烈,包括丰田和索尼等公司。其它部门为国内制造产业,竞争极小。一方面,我们有以市场为导向的资本主义体系,而另一方面,我们也有社会主义的、平均主义的产业部门。
NARRATOR: In Japan; government bureaucrats managed a highly regulated economy。 As Masahisa Naitoh was to learn; ideas about change met with profound skepticism。
旁白:在日本,政府官僚们对经济实施高度调控。正如Masahisa Naitoh曾学到的那样,变革观念受到了极大的怀疑。
MASAHISA NAITOH; Ministry of Trade and Industry; Japan; 19611993: I wanted to deregulate our financial system。 The new global markets of the 1990s created a new reality。 I said we had to change for Japan to thrive in the new world economy。 My colleagues in the government criticized me。 They said that it was in the best interest of Japan that my ideas be destroyed。 MASAHISA NAITOH,通产省,日本,19611993:我想要取消对金融体系的调控,90年代的新型全球市场经济产生了新的现实,我说过,如果日本要在新世界经济里繁荣昌盛,我们就必须要进行变革,我在政府里的同事批评我,他们说,消灭我的观念才符合资本的最高利益。
NARRATOR: Naitoh was fired without warning。 Japan stuck to its old ways; and the nation's economic slump continued。 For the first time; an Asian ";economic miracle"; was in trouble。
旁白:Naitoh在没有收到任何预警的情况下就被解雇了,日本仍在墨守成规,其经济衰退仍在继续。亚洲的“经济奇迹”首次陷入困境之中。
 。。

Chapter 11: Global Contagion Begins '7:55'
第十一章: 全球性的影响开始了
Onscreen caption: Bangkok; Thailand
字幕:曼谷,泰国
By early 1997; Southeast Asia's rapid economic boom was overheating。 Sirivat Voravetvuthikun was one of many who thought the good times would never end。
到1997年初,东南亚快速的经济崛起达到了白热化的程度。Sirivat Voravetvuthikun 是很多以为这样的好日子永远不会结束的人中的一员。
SIRIVAT VORAVETVUTHIKUN; Former Real Estate Developer; Thailand: Ever since I was a child; I have been wanting to be a multimillionaire。 I wanted to be rich。 I wanted to do something that no one has done  build a luxurious condominium。 I knew a lot of rich people and multimillionaires would like to take time off to play golf; to enjoy the fresh air in the mountains; which you cannot find in Bangkok。
SIRIVAT VORAVETVUTHIKUN,曾是泰国的地产开发商:自从我还是个孩子的时候起,我就一直期待着要成为一个百万富翁。我想要成为富人。我想要做一些别人没有做过的事情 – 建造一座豪华的公寓。我知道很多富人和百万富翁都希望到山里休假去打高尔夫球,去享受你在曼谷找不到的新鲜空气。
I looked at the golf course。 It's designed by Jack Nicklaus。 I put my effort into making it one of the most beautiful condominiums in Thailand。 Still today; with the mountains in the background; with a fairway and a lake in front of the condominium; it's really beautiful。
我看了这个高尔夫球场,是由JACK NICKLAUS 设计的。我为了要把它建成泰国最美的豪华公寓之一做出了很多努力。直到今天,有这些山峦作背景,公寓前面的高尔夫球道和湖泊映衬着它,确实很美。
ANAND PANYARACHUN; Prime Minister of Thailand; 19911993: People were just buying apartments and condominiums like they were gambling。 And they were tempted by this easy money; tempted by this easy profit。
ANAND PANYARACHUN,泰国总理,1991 – 1993:那时人们购买公寓和豪华公寓就象在赌博。而且他们也被这种轻易得来的金钱和利益所驱使。
NARRATOR: During the '90s; Thailand had opened up its capital markets。 For the first time; local businesses could borrow money from foreign banks which offered lower interest rates。
旁白:在九十年代,泰国开放了它的资本市场。当地的企业第一次可以向利息比较低的外国银行贷款了。
ANAND PANYARACHUN: People would e and knock on your door and plead with you to borrow; be they European or Japanese banks。 The Western financial world; the banks or the financial panies; they came and begged us to borrow from them。
ANAND PANYARACHUN:人们会来敲你的门,恳请你借钱,无论是欧洲银行还是日本银行。西方金融界,银行或是金融机构,他们来乞求我们向他们借钱。
NARRATOR: In just four years; loans to Thai businesses had tripled to over 200 billion。 American and European governments encouraged the inflow of money。
旁白:只用了四年,对泰国的企业的贷款就增长了两倍,达到两千亿美元。美国和欧洲国家的政府鼓励这种资本的输入。
ROBERT RUBIN: Oh; yeah。 We were very strong advocates of opening up capital markets and the benefits that could flow there from; but we were also strong advocates at the same time; because we recognized the tie of developing the banking systems; the capital markets; and developing regulatory systems; none of which is easy。
罗伯特。鲁宾:噢,是的。我们当时是非常提倡
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