按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
旁白：在凯恩斯写这些给哈耶克的时候多数人同意凯恩斯的观点。
JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES： What we want is not no planning； or even less planning。 We almost certainly want more。
凯恩斯：我们想要的不是没有计划，甚至也不是较少的计划。我们几乎肯定想要更多的计划。
NARRATOR： In the battle of ideas； Hayek was on the losing side。
旁白：在这场思想战争中，哈耶克处于下风。
FRIEDRICH VON HAYEK： I had a fairly good reputation as an economic theorist in 1944 when I published The Road to Serfdom； and it was treated even by the academic munity very largely as a malicious effort by a reactionary to destroy high ideals。
哈耶克：1944年出版《通往奴役之路》（The Road to Serfdom）时，作为经济理论家我的声望相当高。《通往奴役之路》（The Road to Serfdom）甚至被一个学术团体在很大程度上作为对崇高理想的恶毒攻击。
Onscreen title： New Hampshire； 1944
字幕标题：新罕布什尔州，1944年
NARRATOR： With the world at war； Keynes traveled to Bretton Woods and a grand resort hotel。 Here； delegates gathered from all over the world to anize the postwar economy。
旁白：世界大战还在进行。凯恩斯来到布雷顿森林，来自世界各地的代表正聚集在这里商讨重建战后经济。
The Bretton Woods Conference created the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund。 They were designed to bring stability to the world economy and prevent the unemployment and the depression of 1930s。
布雷顿森林会议建立了世界银行和国际货币基金组织，它们被预定用于稳定世界经济，防止出现三十年代那样的高失业和大萧条。
Keynes's idealism and humanity were an inspiration。
凯恩斯的理想主义和博爱是一个启示。
JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES： There has never been such a farreaching proposal on so great a scale to provide employment in the present and increase productivity in the future。 And I doubt if the world understands how big a thing we are bringing to birth。
凯恩斯：这个具有深远意义的提议前所未有，它在如此大的范围内提供当前的就业机会并在未来提高生产率。我怀疑世界是否明白我们正在做一件多么重要的事情。
NARRATOR： Keynes did not have long to live。 Ill and overworked； his health gave way； but his reputation and influence outlived him。
旁白：凯恩斯不久就逝世了，疾病和过度劳累毁掉了他的健康。但是他的声望和影响长存。
FRIEDRICH VON HAYEK： When Keynes died； Keynes and I were the best known economists。 Then two things happened。 Keynes died and was raised to sainthood； and I discredited myself by publishing The Road to Serfdom。 And that changed the situation pletely。 And for the following 30 years； it was only Keynes who counted； and I was gradually almost fotten。
哈耶克：凯恩斯逝世的时候，他和我是最著名的经济学家。当时发生了两件事：凯恩斯去世并被提升为圣人；我则因为出版了《通往奴役之路》（The Road to Serfdom）而毁了自己的名誉。情势完全转变了。在随后的三十年中只有凯恩斯受到尊崇，而我则几乎渐渐被遗忘了。
Onscreen title： VE Day； 1945
字幕标题：二次大战盟国结束欧战胜利日，1945年
NARRATOR： The war was over； and the troops came marching home。
旁白：战争结束了，军队回家了。
The final summit conference of the three wartime allies took place in a palace in the Berlin suburb of Potsdam。 Truman； Churchill； and Stalin came to plan the peace and to redraw the map of Europe。 Their different economic systems offered alternative paths to prosperity。 But the Great Depression continued to cast its long shadow。
三个战时盟国的最后一次首脑会议在柏林郊区的波茨坦举行。杜鲁门、邱吉尔和斯大林开始筹划和平并重新划分欧洲版图。他们不同的经济体制为繁荣提供了可供选择的道路，但是仍继续长期处在大萧条的阴影之下。
JEFFREY SACHS： There's no doubt that at the end of World War II there was a tremendous loss of faith in the market economy。 You had a feeling in large parts of the world； "；We don't want to go that way。 We want to go a better way。"；
杰裴里。萨克斯：毫无疑问，二战结束时人们对市场经济的信心遭到了极大打击。世界上很多地方都有这种感觉，“我们不想重蹈覆辙，我们想走一条更好的路。”
Chapter 7： Planning the Peace ＇6：47＇
第七章：筹划和平
Onscreen title： Britain； 1945
字幕标题：柏林，1945年
NARRATOR： In Britain； the troops were ing home to a general election。
旁白：在英国，军队返回家园并进行大选。
TONY BENN； Labor Candidate； 1945： Well； I came back in a troop ship in the summer of 1945； and I was a pilot in the Royal Air Force； and I was picked as a 19yearold to be the Labor candidate。 All these soldiers said； "；Never again。 We're never going back to unemployment； the Great Depression； to fascism； to rearmament。 We want to build a new society。"；
TONY BENN，工党候选人，1945年：1945年夏天我坐军队的船回来，我是皇家空军的一名飞行员。19岁的我被推选为工党候选人。所有的战士都说：“再也不会了。我们再也不会失业，不会有大萧条，不会有法西斯主义，也不会重整军备了。我们想要建设一个新社会。”
NARRATOR： During the dark war years； Britain had been governed by a coalition of conservatives and socialists。 Winston Churchill； the great wartime leader and head of the Conservative Party； expected an easy victory。 Everywhere he went； huge crowds turned out to cheer the nation's hero。
旁白：在黑暗的战争年代，英国由保守党和社会主义者共同统治。温斯顿 ？邱吉尔－伟大的战时领导人和保守党领袖预期将很轻松地赢得胜利。无论他去到哪里，都有无数人为这位国家英雄欢呼。
Heading the campaign against Churchill was Clement Attlee； leader of the Labor Party。 Attlee argued that Britain had planned the war； and now planning would win the peace。
领导反对邱吉尔运动的是克莱门特？艾德礼，他是工党领袖。他争论说英国在战时作计划，现在计划将赢得和平。
BARBARA CASTLE； Labor MP； 19451979： We knew that our people would never have withstood the bombardments and the loss of life and the hardship if they hadn't been confident that their government was operating a policy of fair shares。 We set out to ensure that this system of fair shares and the planning and controls continued after the war。
BARBARA CASTLE，工党下院议员，1945－1979年：我们知道如果不是人民确信政府正实行公平参与地政策，那么他们决不会经得住炮轰、死亡和困难。我们宣布保证这个公平参与的体制以及计划和控制在战后仍会继续。
NARRATOR： Churchill； who was influenced by Hayek's book The Road to Serfdom； opposed planning and controls。
旁白：受哈耶克《通往奴役之路》一书影响的邱吉尔反对计划和控制。
WINSTON CHURCHILL： No socialist system can be established without a political police； some form of Gestapo。
温斯顿。邱吉尔：如果没有政治警察－某种形式的盖世太保，任何社会主义制度都无法建立。
RALPH HARRIS； Institute of Economic Affairs； 19571987： He got carried away with this Gestapo。 And this； of course； was carrying things to absurdity Gestapo in Britain！
RALPH HARRIS，经济问题研究所，1957－1987年：他陶醉于这个盖世太保论，而这当然把事情引向了谬论－英国盖世太保！
NARRATOR： Attlee； a mildmannered Christian Socialist； gave Churchill's gaffe a sinister spin。
旁白：艾德礼这位温文有礼的基督徒和社会主义者。
RALPH HARRIS： Attlee actually went out of his way to refer to this foreign professor with this august ＇name＇； Friedrich August von Hayek this foreign chap with a slightly German accent。
RALPH HARRIS：事实上艾德礼在尽力打听这个外国教授，Friedrich August von Hayek－一个有着轻微德国口音的外国家伙。
NARRATOR： Britain went to the polls。 The result was sensational。
旁白：英国人开始投票了。投票结果令人惊讶。
BBC RADIO NEWS： Here is the state of the parties up to 3：00； in detail： Conservatives 180； Labor 364。
BBC广播消息：到3：00为止，得票情况为保守党180，工党364。
NARRATOR： Churchill was out。 The people had voted for a new socialist Britain。
旁白：邱吉尔输了。人们投票选举了一个社会主义者。
BARBARA CASTLE： The Labor Party swept to power simply because the vast majority of people； particularly those men and women in the fighting forces who'd lived through the dreadful Depression years of the '30s； just said； "；Churchill's done a fine job of war leader； but we don't trust him to win the peace。"；
BARBARA CASTLE：工党获胜仅仅是因为绝大多数人，尤其是军队中那些从可怕的大萧条中活过来的人认为“邱吉尔作为战时领导人表现很好，但我们不信任他能够赢得和平。”
LEMENT ATTLEE： What kind of society do you want？
克莱门特。艾德礼：你想要哪种社会？
NARRATOR： Attlee promised his party that they would build a new Jerusalem。
旁白：艾德礼承诺他的党将把英国建成天堂。
CLEMENT ATTLEE： Let's go forward into this fight in the spirit of William Blake： "；I will not cease from mental fight； nor shall the sword sleep in my hand； till we have built Jerusalem in England's green and pleasant land。"；
克莱门特。艾德礼：让我们以William Blake的精神来进行战斗吧，“直到我们在英格兰美丽的绿色大地上建立了天堂，我才会停止精神斗争，才会让剑在我手中沉睡。”
NARRATOR： William Blake's hymn "；Jerusalem"； became an anthem for the Labor movement。
旁白：William Blake赞美诗中的“耶路撒冷”成了工人运动的圣歌。
BARBARA CASTLE： You know； it seemed to people who'd been through a war； it seemed to them natural justice。 Why not pool your resources？ And so we broke into the concept of the sacredness of private property。
BARBARA CASTLE：你知道，这对那些从战争中活下来的人来说是很自然的。为什么不共享资源呢？因此我们打破了私有财产神圣不可侵犯的观念。
NARRATOR： When Labor took power； private owners were pelled to sell their businesses。 Labor created a "；mixed economy"； in which newly nationalized industries coexisted with private enterprise。 Now governmentowned industries like coal； rail； and steel no longer enriched owners and shareholders； but worked for the mon good。
�