°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
¡¨Oh£»¡¡yes¡£¡¡I¡¡hear¡¡it¡¡all¡¡the¡¡time£»¡¨¡¡said¡¡rich¡¡dad¡£¡¡¡¨I¡¡hear¡¡things¡¡like£»¡¡¡®Well£»¡¡everyone¡¡has¡¡to¡¡work¡£'¡¡Or¡¡¡®The¡¡rich¡¡are¡¡crooks¡£'¡¡Or¡¡¡®I'll¡¡get¡¡another¡¡job¡£¡¡I¡¡deserve¡¡this¡¡raise¡£¡¡You¡¡can't¡¡push¡¡me¡¡around¡£'¡¡Or¡¡¡®I¡¡like¡¡this¡¡job¡¡because¡¡it's¡¡secure¡£'¡¡Instead¡¡of£»¡¡¡®Is¡¡there¡¡something¡¡I'm¡¡missing¡¡here£¿'¡¡which¡¡breaks¡¡the¡¡emotional¡¡thought£»¡¡and¡¡gives¡¡you¡¡time¡¡to¡¡think¡¡clearly¡£¡¨
I¡¡must¡¡admit£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡a¡¡great¡¡lesson¡¡to¡¡be¡¡getting¡£¡¡To¡¡know¡¡when¡¡someone¡¡was¡¡speaking¡¡out¡¡of¡¡emotions¡¡or¡¡out¡¡of¡¡clear¡¡thought¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡a¡¡lesson¡¡that¡¡served¡¡me¡¡well¡¡for¡¡life¡£¡¡Especially¡¡when¡¡I¡¡was¡¡the¡¡one¡¡speaking¡¡out¡¡of¡¡reaction¡¡and¡¡not¡¡from¡¡clear¡¡thought¡£
As¡¡we¡¡headed¡¡back¡¡to¡¡the¡¡store£»¡¡rich¡¡dad¡¡explained¡¡that¡¡the¡¡rich¡¡really¡¡did¡¡¡¨make¡¡money¡£¡¨¡¡They¡¡did¡¡not¡¡work¡¡for¡¡it¡£¡¡He¡¡went¡¡on¡¡to¡¡explain¡¡that¡¡when¡¡Mike¡¡and¡¡I¡¡were¡¡casting¡¡5cent¡¡pieces¡¡out¡¡of¡¡lead£»¡¡thinking¡¡we¡¡were¡¡making¡¡money£»¡¡we¡¡were¡¡very¡¡close¡¡to¡¡thinking¡¡the¡¡way¡¡the¡¡rich¡¡think¡£¡¡The¡¡problem¡¡was¡¡that¡¡it¡¡was¡¡illegal¡¡for¡¡us¡¡to¡¡do¡¡it¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡legal¡¡for¡¡the¡¡government¡¡and¡¡banks¡¡to¡¡do¡¡it£»¡¡but¡¡not¡¡us¡£¡¡He¡¡explained¡¡that¡¡there¡¡are¡¡legal¡¡ways¡¡to¡¡make¡¡money¡¡and¡¡illegal¡¡ways¡£
Rich¡¡dad¡¡went¡¡on¡¡to¡¡explain¡¡that¡¡the¡¡rich¡¡know¡¡that¡¡money¡¡is¡¡an¡¡illusion£»¡¡truly¡¡like¡¡the¡¡carrot¡¡for¡¡the¡¡donkey¡£¡¡It's¡¡only¡¡out¡¡of¡¡fear¡¡and¡¡greed¡¡that¡¡the¡¡illusion¡¡of¡¡money¡¡is¡¡held¡¡together¡¡by¡¡billions¡¡of¡¡people¡¡thinking¡¡that¡¡money¡¡is¡¡real¡£¡¡Money¡¡is¡¡really¡¡made¡¡up¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡only¡¡because¡¡of¡¡the¡¡illusion¡¡of¡¡confidence¡¡and¡¡the¡¡ignorance¡¡of¡¡the¡¡masses¡¡that¡¡the¡¡house¡¡of¡¡cards¡¡stood¡¡standing¡£¡¡¡¨In¡¡fact£»¡¨¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨in¡¡many¡¡ways¡¡the¡¡donkey's¡¡carrot¡¡was¡¡more¡¡valuable¡¡than¡¡money¡£¡¨
He¡¡talked¡¡about¡¡the¡¡gold¡¡standard¡¡that¡¡America¡¡was¡¡on£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡each¡¡dollar¡¡bill¡¡was¡¡actually¡¡a¡¡silver¡¡certificate¡£¡¡What¡¡concerned¡¡him¡¡was¡¡the¡¡rumor¡¡that¡¡we¡¡would¡¡someday¡¡go¡¡off¡¡the¡¡gold¡¡standard¡¡and¡¡our¡¡dollars¡¡would¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡be¡¡silver¡¡certificates¡£
¡¨When¡¡that¡¡happens£»¡¡boys£»¡¡all¡¡hell¡¡is¡¡going¡¡to¡¡break¡¡loose¡£¡¡The¡¡poor£»¡¡the¡¡middle¡¡class¡¡and¡¡the¡¡ignorant¡¡will¡¡have¡¡their¡¡lives¡¡ruined¡¡simply¡¡because¡¡they¡¡will¡¡continue¡¡to¡¡believe¡¡that¡¡money¡¡is¡¡real¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡pany¡¡they¡¡work¡¡for£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡government£»¡¡will¡¡look¡¡after¡¡them¡£¡¨
We¡¡really¡¡did¡¡not¡¡understand¡¡what¡¡he¡¡was¡¡saying¡¡that¡¡day£»¡¡but¡¡over¡¡the¡¡years¡¡it¡¡made¡¡more¡¡and¡¡more¡¡sense¡£
Seeing¡¡What¡¡Others¡¡Miss
As¡¡he¡¡climbed¡¡into¡¡his¡¡pickup¡¡truck£»¡¡outside¡¡of¡¡his¡¡little¡¡convenience¡¡store£»¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨Keep¡¡working¡¡boys£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡sooner¡¡you¡¡fet¡¡about¡¡needing¡¡a¡¡paycheck£»¡¡the¡¡easier¡¡your¡¡adult¡¡life¡¡will¡¡be¡£¡¡Keep¡¡using¡¡your¡¡brain£»¡¡work¡¡for¡¡free£»¡¡and¡¡soon¡¡your¡¡mind¡¡will¡¡show¡¡you¡¡ways¡¡of¡¡making¡¡money¡¡far¡¡beyond¡¡what¡¡I¡¡could¡¡ever¡¡pay¡¡you¡£¡¡You¡¡will¡¡see¡¡things¡¡that¡¡other¡¡people¡¡never¡¡see¡£¡¡Opportunities¡¡right¡¡in¡¡front¡¡of¡¡their¡¡noses¡£¡¡Most¡¡people¡¡never¡¡see¡¡these¡¡opportunities¡¡because¡¡they're¡¡looking¡¡for¡¡money¡¡and¡¡security£»¡¡so¡¡that's¡¡all¡¡they¡¡get¡£¡¡The¡¡moment¡¡you¡¡see¡¡one¡¡opportunity£»¡¡you¡¡will¡¡see¡¡them¡¡for¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡of¡¡your¡¡life¡£¡¡The¡¡moment¡¡you¡¡do¡¡that£»¡¡I'll¡¡teach¡¡you¡¡something¡¡else¡£¡¡Learn¡¡this£»¡¡and¡¡you'll¡¡avoid¡¡one¡¡of¡¡life's¡¡biggest¡¡traps¡£¡¡You'll¡¡never£»¡¡ever£»¡¡touch¡¡that¡¡Tar¡¡Baby¡£¡¨
Mike¡¡and¡¡I¡¡picked¡¡up¡¡our¡¡things¡¡from¡¡the¡¡store¡¡and¡¡waved¡¡goodbye¡¡to¡¡Mrs¡£¡¡Martin¡£¡¡We¡¡went¡¡back¡¡to¡¡the¡¡park£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡same¡¡picnic¡¡bench£»¡¡and¡¡spent¡¡several¡¡more¡¡hours¡¡thinking¡¡and¡¡talking¡£
We¡¡spent¡¡the¡¡next¡¡week¡¡at¡¡school£»¡¡thinking¡¡and¡¡talking¡£¡¡For¡¡two¡¡more¡¡weeks£»¡¡we¡¡kept¡¡thinking£»¡¡talking£»¡¡and¡¡working¡¡for¡¡free¡£
At¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡the¡¡second¡¡Saturday£»¡¡I¡¡was¡¡again¡¡saying¡¡goodbye¡¡to¡¡Mrs¡£¡¡Martin¡¡and¡¡looking¡¡at¡¡the¡¡icbook¡¡stand¡¡with¡¡a¡¡longing¡¡gaze¡£¡¡The¡¡hard¡¡thing¡¡about¡¡not¡¡even¡¡getting¡¡30¡¡cents¡¡every¡¡Saturday¡¡was¡¡that¡¡I¡¡didn't¡¡have¡¡any¡¡money¡¡to¡¡buy¡¡ic¡¡books¡£¡¡Suddenly£»¡¡as¡¡Mrs¡£¡¡Martin¡¡was¡¡saying¡¡goodbye¡¡to¡¡Mike¡¡and¡¡me£»¡¡I¡¡saw¡¡something¡¡she¡¡was¡¡doing¡¡that¡¡I¡¡had¡¡never¡¡seen¡¡her¡¡do¡¡before¡£¡¡I¡¡mean£»¡¡I¡¡had¡¡seen¡¡her¡¡do¡¡it£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡never¡¡took¡¡notice¡¡of¡¡it¡£
Mrs¡£¡¡Martin¡¡was¡¡cutting¡¡the¡¡front¡¡page¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ic¡¡book¡¡in¡¡half¡£¡¡She¡¡was¡¡keeping¡¡the¡¡top¡¡half¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ic¡¡book¡¡cover¡¡and¡¡throwing¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ic¡¡book¡¡into¡¡a¡¡large¡¡brown¡¡cardboard¡¡box¡£¡¡When¡¡I¡¡asked¡¡her¡¡what¡¡she¡¡did¡¡with¡¡the¡¡ic¡¡books£»¡¡she¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨I¡¡throw¡¡them¡¡away¡£¡¡I¡¡give¡¡the¡¡top¡¡half¡¡of¡¡the¡¡cover¡¡back¡¡to¡¡the¡¡icbook¡¡distributor¡¡for¡¡credit¡¡when¡¡he¡¡brings¡¡in¡¡the¡¡new¡¡ics¡£¡¡He's¡¡ing¡¡in¡¡an¡¡hour¡£¡¨
Mike¡¡and¡¡I¡¡waited¡¡for¡¡an¡¡hour¡£¡¡Soon¡¡the¡¡distributor¡¡arrived¡¡and¡¡I¡¡asked¡¡him¡¡if¡¡we¡¡could¡¡have¡¡the¡¡ic¡¡books¡£¡¡To¡¡which¡¡he¡¡replied£»¡¡¡¨You¡¡can¡¡have¡¡them¡¡if¡¡you¡¡work¡¡for¡¡this¡¡store¡¡and¡¡do¡¡not¡¡resell¡¡them¡£¡¨
Our¡¡partnership¡¡was¡¡revived¡£¡¡Mike's¡¡mom¡¡had¡¡a¡¡spare¡¡room¡¡in¡¡the¡¡basement¡¡that¡¡no¡¡one¡¡used¡£¡¡We¡¡cleaned¡¡it¡¡out£»¡¡and¡¡began¡¡piling¡¡hundreds¡¡of¡¡ic¡¡books¡¡in¡¡that¡¡room¡£¡¡Soon¡¡our¡¡icbook¡¡library¡¡was¡¡open¡¡to¡¡the¡¡public¡£¡¡We¡¡hired¡¡Mike's¡¡younger¡¡sister£»¡¡who¡¡loved¡¡to¡¡study£»¡¡to¡¡be¡¡head¡¡librarian¡£¡¡She¡¡charged¡¡each¡¡child¡¡10¡¡cents¡¡admission¡¡to¡¡the¡¡library£»¡¡which¡¡was¡¡open¡¡from¡¡2£º30¡¡to¡¡4£º30¡¡p¡£m¡£¡¡every¡¡day¡¡after¡¡school¡£¡¡The¡¡customers£»¡¡the¡¡children¡¡of¡¡the¡¡neighborhood£»¡¡could¡¡read¡¡as¡¡many¡¡ics¡¡as¡¡they¡¡could¡¡in¡¡two¡¡hours¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡a¡¡bargain¡¡for¡¡them¡¡since¡¡a¡¡ic¡¡costs¡¡10¡¡cents¡¡each£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡could¡¡read¡¡five¡¡or¡¡six¡¡in¡¡two¡¡hours¡£
Mike's¡¡sister¡¡would¡¡check¡¡the¡¡kids¡¡as¡¡they¡¡left£»¡¡to¡¡make¡¡sure¡¡they¡¡weren't¡¡borrowing¡¡any¡¡ic¡¡books¡£¡¡She¡¡also¡¡kept¡¡the¡¡books£»¡¡logging¡¡in¡¡how¡¡many¡¡kids¡¡showed¡¡up¡¡each¡¡day£»¡¡who¡¡they¡¡were£»¡¡and¡¡any¡¡ments¡¡they¡¡might¡¡have¡£¡¡Mike¡¡and¡¡I¡¡averaged¡¡9¡£50¡¡per¡¡week¡¡over¡¡a¡¡threemonth¡¡period¡£¡¡We¡¡paid¡¡his¡¡sister¡¡1¡¡a¡¡week¡¡and¡¡allowed¡¡her¡¡to¡¡read¡¡the¡¡ics¡¡for¡¡free£»¡¡which¡¡she¡¡rarely¡¡did¡¡since¡¡she¡¡was¡¡always¡¡studying¡£
Mike¡¡and¡¡F¡¡kept¡¡our¡¡agreement¡¡by¡¡working¡¡in¡¡the¡¡store¡¡every¡¡Saturday¡¡and¡¡collecting¡¡all¡¡the¡¡ic¡¡books¡¡from¡¡the¡¡different¡¡stores¡£¡¡We¡¡kept¡¡our¡¡agreement¡¡to¡¡the¡¡distributor¡¡by¡¡not¡¡selling¡¡any¡¡ic¡¡books¡£¡¡We¡¡burned¡¡them¡¡once¡¡they¡¡got¡¡too¡¡tattered¡£¡¡We¡¡tried¡¡opening¡¡a¡¡branch¡¡office£»¡¡but¡¡we¡¡could¡¡never¡¡quite¡¡find¡¡someone¡¡as¡¡dedicated¡¡as¡¡Mike's¡¡sister¡¡we¡¡could¡¡trust¡£
At¡¡an¡¡early¡¡age£»¡¡we¡¡found¡¡out¡¡how¡¡hard¡¡it¡¡was¡¡to¡¡find¡¡good¡¡staff¡£
Three¡¡months¡¡after¡¡the¡¡library¡¡first¡¡opened£»¡¡a¡¡fight¡¡broke¡¡out¡¡in¡¡the¡¡room¡£¡¡Some¡¡bullies¡¡from¡¡another¡¡neighborhood¡¡pushed¡¡their¡¡way¡¡in¡¡and¡¡started¡¡it¡£¡¡Mike's¡¡dad¡¡suggested¡¡we¡¡shut¡¡down¡¡the¡¡business¡£¡¡So¡¡our¡¡icbook¡¡business¡¡shut¡¡down£»¡¡and¡¡we¡¡stopped¡¡working¡¡on¡¡Saturdays¡¡at¡¡the¡¡convenience¡¡store¡£¡¡Anyway£»¡¡rich¡¡dad¡¡was¡¡excited¡¡because¡¡he¡¡had¡¡new¡¡things¡¡he¡¡wanted¡¡to¡¡teach¡¡us¡£¡¡He¡¡was¡¡happy¡¡because¡¡we¡¡had¡¡learned¡¡our¡¡first¡¡lesson¡¡so¡¡well¡£¡¡We¡¡had¡¡learned¡¡to¡¡have¡¡money¡¡work¡¡for¡¡us¡£¡¡By¡¡not¡¡getting¡¡paid¡¡for¡¡our¡¡work¡¡at¡¡the¡¡store£»¡¡we¡¡were¡¡forced¡¡to¡¡use¡¡our¡¡imaginations¡¡to¡¡identify¡¡an¡¡opportunity¡¡to¡¡make¡¡money¡£¡¡By¡¡starting¡¡our¡¡own¡¡business£»¡¡the¡¡icbook¡¡library£»¡¡we¡¡were¡¡in¡¡control¡¡of¡¡our¡¡own¡¡finances£»¡¡not¡¡dependent¡¡on¡¡an¡¡employer¡£¡¡The¡¡best¡¡part¡¡was¡¡that¡¡our¡¡business¡¡generated¡¡money¡¡for¡¡us£»¡¡even¡¡when¡¡we¡¡weren't¡¡physically¡¡there¡£¡¡Our¡¡money¡¡worked¡¡for¡¡us¡£¡¡Instead¡¡of¡¡paying¡¡us¡¡money£»¡¡rich¡¡dad¡¡had¡¡given¡¡us¡¡so¡¡much¡¡more¡£
CHAPTER¡¡THREE¡¡
Lesson¡¡Two£ºWhy¡¡Teach¡¡Financial¡¡Literacy£¿
In¡¡1990£»¡¡my¡¡best¡¡friend£»¡¡Mike£»¡¡took¡¡over¡¡his¡¡father's¡¡empire¡¡and¡¡is£»¡¡in¡¡fact£»¡¡doing¡¡a¡¡better¡¡job¡¡than¡¡his¡¡dad¡¡did¡£¡¡We¡¡see¡¡each¡¡other¡¡once¡¡or¡¡twice¡¡a¡¡year¡¡on¡¡the¡¡golf¡¡course¡£¡¡He¡¡and¡¡his¡¡wife¡¡are¡¡wealthier¡¡than¡¡you¡¡could¡¡imagine¡£¡¡Rich¡¡dad's¡¡empire¡¡is¡¡in¡¡great¡¡hands£»¡¡and¡¡Mike¡¡is¡¡now¡¡grooming¡¡his¡¡son¡¡to¡¡take¡¡his¡¡place£»¡¡as¡¡his¡¡dad¡¡had¡¡groomed¡¡us¡£
In¡¡1994£»¡¡I¡¡retired¡¡at¡¡the¡¡age¡¡of¡¡47£»¡¡and¡¡my¡¡wife£»¡¡Kim£»¡¡was¡¡37¡£¡¡Retirement¡¡does¡¡not¡¡mean¡¡not¡¡working¡£¡¡To¡¡my¡¡wife¡¡and¡¡me£»¡¡it¡¡means¡¡that¡¡barring¡¡unforeseen¡¡cataclysmic¡¡changes£»¡¡we¡¡can¡¡work¡¡or¡¡not¡¡work£»¡¡and¡¡our¡¡wealth¡¡grows¡¡automatically£»¡¡staying¡¡way¡¡ahead¡¡of¡¡inflation¡£¡¡I¡¡guess¡¡it¡¡means¡¡freedom¡£¡¡The¡¡assets¡¡are¡¡large¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡grow¡¡by¡¡themselves¡£¡¡It's¡¡like¡¡planting¡¡a¡¡tree¡£¡¡You¡¡water¡¡it¡¡for¡¡years¡¡and¡¡then¡¡one¡¡day¡¡it¡¡doesn't¡¡need¡¡you¡¡anymore¡£¡¡It's¡¡roots¡¡have¡¡gone¡¡down¡¡deep¡¡enough¡£¡¡Then£»¡¡the¡¡tree¡¡provides¡¡shade¡¡for¡¡your¡¡enjoyment¡£
Mike¡¡chose¡¡to¡¡run¡¡the¡¡empire¡¡and¡¡I¡¡chose¡¡to¡¡retire¡£
Whenever¡¡I¡¡speak¡¡to¡¡groups¡¡of¡¡people£»¡¡they¡¡often¡¡ask¡¡what¡¡I¡¡would¡¡remend¡¡or¡¡what¡¡could¡¡they¡¡do£¿¡¡¡¨How¡¡do¡¡they¡¡get¡¡started£¿¡¨¡¡¡¨Is¡¡there¡¡a¡¡good¡¡book¡¡I¡¡would¡¡remend£¿¡¨¡¡¡¨What¡¡should¡¡they¡¡do¡¡to¡¡prepare¡¡their¡¡children£¿¡¨¡¡¡¨What¡¡is¡¡the¡¡secret¡¡to¡¡success£¿¡¨¡¡¡¨How¡¡do¡¡I¡¡make¡¡millions£¿¡¨¡¡I¡¡am¡¡always¡¡reminded¡¡of¡¡this¡¡article¡¡I¡¡was¡¡once¡¡given¡£¡¡It¡¡goes¡¡as¡¡follows¡£
THE¡¡RICHEST¡¡BUSINESSMEN
In¡¡1923¡¡a¡¡group¡¡of¡¡our¡¡greatest¡¡leaders¡¡and¡¡richest¡¡businessmen¡¡held¡¡a¡¡meeting¡¡at¡¡the¡¡Edgewater¡¡Beach¡¡hotel¡¡in¡¡Chicago¡£¡¡Among¡¡them¡¡were¡¡Charles¡¡Schwab£»¡¡head¡¡of¡¡the¡¡largest¡¡independent¡¡steel¡¡pany£»¡¡Samuel¡¡Instill£»¡¡president¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world's¡¡largest¡¡utility£»¡¡Howard¡¡Hopson£»¡¡head¡¡of¡¡the¡¡largest¡¡gas¡¡pany£»¡¡Ivar¡¡Kreuger¡¡president¡¡of¡¡the¡¡International¡¡Match¡¡Co¡££»¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world's¡¡largest¡¡panies¡¡at¡¡that¡¡time£»¡¡Leon¡¡Frazier£»¡¡president¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Bank¡¡of¡¡International¡¡Settlements£»¡¡Richard¡¡Whitney£»¡¡president¡¡of¡¡the¡¡New¡¡York¡¡Stock¡¡Exchange£»¡¡Arthur¡¡Cotton¡¡and¡¡Jesse¡¡Livermore£»¡¡two¡¡of¡¡the¡¡biggest¡¡stock¡¡speculators£»¡¡and¡¡Albert¡¡Fall£»¡¡a¡¡member¡¡of¡¡President¡¡Harding's¡¡cabinet¡£¡¡Twenty¡¡five¡¡years¡¡later¡¡nine¡¡of¡¡them¡¡£¨those¡¡listed¡¡above£©¡¡ended¡¡as¡¡follows¡£¡¡Schwab¡¡died¡¡penniless¡¡after¡¡living¡¡for¡¡five¡¡years¡¡on¡¡borrowed¡¡money¡£¡¡Instill¡¡died¡¡broke¡¡living¡¡in¡¡a¡¡foreign¡¡land¡£¡¡Kreuger¡¡and¡¡Cotton¡¡also¡¡died¡¡broke¡£¡¡Hopson¡¡went¡¡insane¡£¡¡Whitney¡¡and¡¡Albert¡¡Fall¡¡were¡¡just¡¡released¡¡from¡¡prison¡£¡¡Fraser¡¡and¡¡Livermore¡¡mitted¡¡suicide¡£
I¡¡doubt¡¡if¡¡anyone¡¡can¡¡say¡¡what¡¡really¡¡happened¡¡to¡¡these¡¡men¡£¡¡If¡¡you¡¡look¡¡at¡¡the¡¡date£»¡¡1923£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡just¡¡before¡¡the¡¡1929¡¡market¡¡crash¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Great¡¡Depression£»¡¡which¡¡I¡¡suspect¡¡had¡¡a¡¡great¡¡impact¡¡on¡¡these¡¡men¡¡and¡¡their¡¡lives¡£¡¡The¡¡point¡¡is¡¡this£º¡¡Today¡¡we¡¡live¡¡in¡¡times¡¡of¡¡